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Search results for: โ€œfluorinatedโ€

  • Fluorinated polymers: company screen?

    Fluorinated polymers: company screen?

    This data-file is a screen of companies in the fluorinated polymer value chain. It captures ten large Western companies, with exposure to producing fluorspar, refining fluorspar into hydrofluoric acid (HF) and/or further processing into fluorinated polymers, which matter increasingly in the energy transition.

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  • Fluorinated polymers: flying under the radar?

    Fluorinated polymers: flying under the radar?

    Fluorinated polymers are a stealth bottleneck for the energy transition: used in solar back-sheets, battery binders/separators, wind blades, and across the hydrogen chain. They are easily overlooked. This 400kTpa market grows 6x by 2050. Markets are already tight. And the โ€˜CO2 curveโ€™ is very steep. Our 15-page report explores the market, the upside and who…

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  • Refrigerants: leading chemicals for the rise of heat pumps?

    Refrigerants: leading chemicals for the rise of heat pumps?

    This data-file is a breakdown of c1MTpa of refrigerants used in the recent past for cooling, across refrigerators, air conditioners, in vehicles, industrial chillers, and increasingly, heat pumps. The market is shifting rapidly towards lower-carbon products, including HFOs, propane, iso-butane and even CO2 itself. We still see fluorinated chemicals markets tightening.

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  • Solvay: lithium ion battery binders and additives?

    Solvay: lithium ion battery binders and additives?

    Solvay is a chemicals company with growing exposure to battery materials, especially the PVDF binders that hold together active materials in the electrodes. But also increasingly in electrolyte solvents, salts and additives. Interestingly, our patent review finds optimizations of this overall system can improve the longevity and energy density of batteries, which may also lead…

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  • Hydrofluoric acid: the economics?

    Hydrofluoric acid: the economics?

    Hydrogen fluoride is a crucial commodity chemical. This model captures its production from acid-grade fluorspar and sulfuric acid. We think marginal costs are around $1,850/ton, in order to earn a 10% IRR on a production facility costing $4,000/Tpa, while the fully loaded CO2 intensity is around 0.75 tons/ton.

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  • Battery cathode active materials and manufacturing?

    Battery cathode active materials and manufacturing?

    Lithium ion batteries famously have cathodes containing lithium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, aluminium and/or iron phosphate. But how are these cathode active materials manufactured? This data-file gathers specific details from technical papers and patents by leading companies such as BASF, LG, CATL, Panasonic, Solvay and Arkema.

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  • Nafion membranes: costs and hydrogen crossover?

    Nafion membranes: costs and hydrogen crossover?

    Perfluorinated sulfonate (PFSA) membranes, such as Nafion, are the crucial enabler for PEM electrolyzers, fuel cells and other industrial processes. The market is worth $750M pa. The key challenges are costs, longevity and hydrogen crossover, which are tabulated in this data-file.

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  • Global plastic demand: breakdown by product, region and use?

    Global plastic demand: breakdown by product, region and  use?

    Global plastic is estimated at 470MTpa in 2022, rising to at least 800MTpa by 2050. This data-file is a breakdown of global plastic demand, by product, by region and by end use, with historical data back to 1990 and our forecasts out to 2050. Our top conclusions for plastic in the energy transition are summarized.

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  • Energy costs of lithium ion batteries?

    Energy costs of lithium ion batteries?

    This data-file estimates the energy costs of lithium ion batteries across 17 lines. Our best estimate in 2024 is that manufacturing 1 kWh of lithium ion batteries requires 175 kWh of useful energy and emits 100kg of CO2. When a lithium ion battery is used in an electric vehicle, these up-front energy and CO2 costs…

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  • Energy transition: top commodities?

    Energy transition: top commodities?

    This data-file summarizes our latest thesis on ten commodities with upside in the energy transition. The average one will see demand rise by 3x and price/cost appreciate or re-inflate by 100%. The data-file contains a 6-10 line summary of our work into each commodity.

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