Search results for: “wood”
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Energy history: how much wood can be cut in a day?
How much wood can be cut in a day? We review 500-years of industrial history. In medieval times, a manorial tenant might have gathered 250kg of fallen branches in a day. A modern feller-buncher is 150x more productive. But a modern energy analyst is little better than a medieval peasant, and harvesting wood as a…
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Global wood production: supply by country by year?
This data-file quantifies global wood production, country-by-country, back to 1960, across energy, pulp and longer-lasting materials. Overall, wood energy has declined from 11% of the world’s primary energy mix in 1960 to c4% today, but it remains stubbornly high in less-developed countries, amplifying deforestation.
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CO2 intensity of wood: context by context?
This data-file calculates the CO2 intensity of wood in the energy transition. Context matters, and can sway the net climate impacts from -2 tons of emissions reductions per ton of wood through to +2 tons of incremental emissions per ton of wood. Calculations can be stress-tested in the data-file.
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Wood products: typical pricing?
This data-file aggregates the pricing of different wood products, as storing carbon in long-lived materials matters amidst the energy transition. It can also add economic value. While upgrading raw timber into high value materials can uplift realized pricing in reforestation projects by 20-60x, which improves the permanence of nature-based CO2 removal credits.
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Wood use: what CO2 credentials?
The carbon credentials of wood are not black-and-white. They depend on context. This 13-page note draws out the numbers and five key conclusions. They count against deforestation, in favor of using waste wood, in favor of wood materials (with some debate around paper) and strongly in favor of natural gas.
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Tricoya: engineered wood breakthrough?
Tricoya is an engineered wood product like MDF, but it has been “acetylated”, in order to confer >50-year longevity, even when exposed to the elements. Accsys Technologies is the parent company listed on AIM and Euronext Amsterdam. This data-file reviews its technology and patent library.
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Biomass power: costs, levelized costs and BECCS?
This data-file captures the economics of producing wood pellets, generating electricity from biomass, and potentially also building a further CCS facility to yield ‘carbon negative power’ (which is nevertheless more CO2 intensive than burning gas!). Our numbers are backstopped by industry data, including 340 US biomass plants.
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Paper production: energy economics?
Costs of paper production are estimated at $700/ton, at a $2,000/Tpa paper mill, requiring 5,000 kWh/ton of useful energy, and emitting 2.6 tons/ton of CO2, of which 2.2 tons/ton is likely sourced from burning organic material such as waste wood and black liquor. This data-file captures the energy economics of paper production.
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Landfill gas: the economics?
We estimate that a typical landfill facility may be able to capture and abate 70% of its methane leaks for a CO2-equivalent cost of $5/ton. Other landfill gas pathways get more complex and expensive. Raw and unprocessed landfill gas can be economical to commercialize at a cost of $2-4/mcfe.
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Construction materials: a screen of costs and CO2 intensities?
This data-file calculates the costs, the embedded energy and the embedded CO2 of different construction materials, both during their production and for ongoing heating and cooling. Insulated wood and cross-laminated timber have the lowest CO2 intensities and can be extremely cost competitive.
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