China Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions, 2000-2060
…to 130bcfd by 2050, even despite the large renewables ramp. Per the second chart below, this requires a very large acceleration in gas and LNG imports in the 2030s. China…
China: can the factory of the world decarbonize?
…whether China can source enough gas, especially LNG, to reduce its reliance on coal, as argued on page 16. The ramp-up in renewables is also vast, but realistic, we think….
Vertical greenhouses: what future in the transition?
…are exciting. CO2 intensity varies. But it can be carbon-negative in principle. This 17-page case study illustrates how supply chains are localizing and more renewables can be integrated into grids….
Ethane cracking: the economics?
…price. For decarbonization of ethylene production, proposals that have crossed our screens include increasing blends of renewables into the electricity mix, and even using small modular nuclear reactors to source…
Illustrating industrial energy efficiency in the context of cooking?
…a CO2 intensity of 0.35kg/kWh across the grid (reflecting c20% renewables penetration), we estimate a gas cooker is c15% higher carbon overall, in a household where heating and air conditioning…
Cryogenic air separation: costs and energy economics?
…large share of costs comes from electricity. Hence there may be some scope to vary compressor loads at air separation units flexibly to absorb intermittent renewables (note here). There are…
Wooden wind turbines?
…requires global wind and solar additions to treble from 160GW per year towards 500GW per year by mid-decade, so that renewables can reach 40-50% ultimate shares of power grids. The…
Carbon accounting: philosophical investigations?
…in considering the relative CO2 fluxes that can be achieved with 1MWH of renewables (displacing coal power is best, conversion to hydrogen is materially worse) or 1kg of waste biomass…
Inter-correlations between offshore wind farms?
The purpose of this data-file is to examine the correlations between different wind farms’ generation rates. Specifically, we obtained and cleaned-up half-hour-by-half-hour power generation data from c20 wind assets around…
Power grids: hell is a hot, still summer’s day?
Ramping renewables to 50% of power grids is a growing aspiration in the energy transition. But in some markets, it may result in devastating blackouts during summer heatwaves, as power…