Gas power: does low utilization entail spare capacity?
The US has >400GW of large gas-fired power plants running at 40% average annual utilization. Could they help power new loads, e.g., 60GW of AI data-centers by 2030? This 5-page…
Moving targets: molecules, electrons or data ?!
…cart One of the biggest questions in energy markets this year concerns the rise of AI. Specifically, how is the world going to electrify a possible 150GW of new AI…
Data-centers: the economics?
…for a 10% IRR, while an AI data-center in 2024 may need to charge $5/EFLOP of compute. $499.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart Data-centers underpin the rise of the internet and…
Internet energy consumption: data, models, forecasts?
…GPT-4 in 2023 used 50 GWH to absorb 1.8trn parameters. We find a 98% correlation between AI training energy and the total compute during training. AI querying energy is also…
Semiconductors: outlook in energy transition?
…technology category from 1950-2050. Semiconductors underpin the rise of AI, and comprise 40-50% of the total installed costs of an AI data center. AI has been the most important topic…
Energy transition: losing faith?
…could be some game-changing technology, emerging at the bottom of the cost curve: AI breakthroughs, thermo-electrics, solar + battery costs collapsing sharply, fusion, electrochemical DAC. And maybe we should not…
Direct air capture of CO2: the economics?
…air capture plants in detail, finding a realistic range of $100-1,000/ton. $499.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart Our base case model into the costs of direct air capture is based upon…
Advanced Conductors: current affairs?
…new AI data-centers will need to build their own dedicated generation capacity per our note here. A key challenge for constructing new transmission lines is the long development times, as…
Low-carbon baseload: walking through fire?
…large new loads, while also avoiding power grid bottlenecks. There is especially sharp demand to power new data-centers amidst the rise of AI. Hence this report aims to compile the…
Bill of materials: electronic devices and data-centers?
Electronic devices are changing the world, from portable electronics to AI data centers. Hence what materials are used in electronic devices, as percentage of mass, and in kg/kW terms? This…