the research consultancy for energy technologies
…semiconductors work or how the internet works. https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/metals-and-materials-strength-and-temperature-resistance/ What does it cost? Some commentators seem to think decarbonizing the planet is going to be simple. If you think the solution…
…chains that yield glass, solar panels and semiconductors. For the latter two applications, silica might be reduced into silicon ‘metal’ in an electric arc furnace. And overall, we think this…
…semiconductors as pure silicon boules are crystallized out at 25 mm per hour in the Czochralski process. Mining processes perhaps screen best of all? Processes such as communition, flotation, heap…
…compute will increase 3-5x faster. Thus a range of forecasts is more sensible than a single point estimate. Transistors made of semiconductor materials, underpin all modern computing by allowing one…
Cryogenic air separation is used to produce 400MTpa of oxygen, plus pure nitrogen and argon; for steel, metals, ammonia, wind-solar inputs, semiconductor, blue hydrogen and Allam cycle oxy-combustion. Hence this…
…leaching; while screen-printing is one of the lowest cost assembly processes. Conversely, some of the highest-cost methods are associated with the semiconductor industry, involving the deposition of very thin and…
…(e.g., polymer adhesive tapes, lasering, vapor deposition) and away from more complex semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Increasing efficiency was the underlying focus in 80% of LONGi’s patents (chart below). Increasing efficiency…
…here, company screen here) is sliced into wafers, then processed into cells using semiconductor manufacturing techniques, and then finally combined with front contacts, encapsulants, frames, reinforced glass, backsheets and wiring…
…solar and other semiconductor chips (over here, model here). Global polysilicon production capacity likely reaches 1.65MTpa in 2023 and global polysilicon production reaches 1MTpa. For context, production of the key…
…vehicles, are part of an industrial eco-system, illustrated above for polyurethanes. Each member of this industrial ecosystem depends upon the others. Surprising links. Some semiconductor materials are produced at larger…