Electric vehicles: the road to cost parity?

Price breakdown of different types of new vehicles in the US in 2024.

Could electric vehicles deflate towards cost parity with ICEs in 2025-30, helping to re-accelerate EV adoption? This 13-page report contains a granular sum-of-the-parts cost breakdown for EVs vs ICEs. Then we consider battery deflation, power train deflation, small urban EVs, tax incentives, and the representativeness of low-cost Chinese EVs.

Electric vehicles: saturation point?

Future vehicle purchases by type and by income level. Most EV and hybrid purchases will be by people with incomes over $100k per year.

Energy transition technologies are often envisaged to follow S-curves: rapidly inflecting, then reaching 100% market adoption. However, this 17-page report argues electric vehicles will more likely saturate at 15-30% of sales in 2025-30. EVs were already at 15% of sales in 2023. So what would the more limited EV upside mean for energy and materials?

Purchasing power: what are generation assets worth?

Fair value of generation assets which hinge on their remaining life, utilization, flexibility, power prices, rising grid volatility and CO2 credentials.

There has never been more controversy over the fair values of power generation assets, which hinge on their remaining life, utilization, flexibility, power prices, rising grid volatility and CO2 credentials. This 16-page guide covers the fair values of generation assets, hidden opportunities and potential pitfalls.

Oil demand: making millions?

What are the best pathways for decarbonization and reducing global oil demand?

What does it take to move global oil demand by 1Mbpd? This 22-page note ranks fifteen themes, based on their costs and possible impacts. We still think oil demand plateaus around 105Mbpd mid-late in the 2020s, before declining to 85Mbpd by 2050. But the risks now lie to the upside?

Natural hydrogen: going for gold?

Variations of gold hydrogen costs and CO2 emissions compared to other hydrogen production methods. Numbers look promising but there are reasons to be skeptical.

Vast quantities of hydrogen are produced in the Earthโ€™s subsurface, via the Serpentinization of iron-containing Peridotite rocks. Gold, white and orange hydrogen variations aim to harness this hydrogen. This 19-page note explores opportunities, costs and challenges for harvesting H2 out of natural seeps, hydrogen reservoirs or fracking/flooding Peridotites.

Peaker plants: finding the balance?

Gas peaker plant economic return versus utilization.

Todayโ€™s power grids fire up peaker plants to meet peak demand. But the grid is changing rapidly. Hence this 17-page report outlines the economics of gas peaker plants. Rising volatility will increase earnings and returns by 40-50%, before grid-scale batteries come into the money for peaking?

Japanโ€™s oil demand: decline and fall?

Japan's oil demand from 1990 to 2023. Japan's oil demand peaked in 1996 at 5.8Mbpd and has since declined to 3.4Mbpd by 2023.

Japanโ€™s oil demand peaked at 5.8Mbpd in 1996, and has since declined at -2.0% per year to 3.4Mbpd in 2024. ย To some, this trajectory may be a harbinger of events to come in broader global oil markets? However, this 7-page report finds unique features that do not generalize globally?

Sugar to ethanol: value in volatility?

The required price for bioethanol to receive 10% IRR depending on the price of cogenerated electricity from bagasse.

Sugar cane is an amazing energy crop, yielding 70 tons per hectare per year, of which 10-15% is sugar and 20-25% is bagasse. Crushing facilities create value from sugar, sugar-to-ethanol and cogenerated power. This 11-page note argues that more volatile electricity prices could halve ethanol costs or raise cash margins by 2-4x.

Energy security: right to self-determine?

The average major economy produces 70% of its own energy and imports the other 30%. This 12-page note explores energy self-sufficiency by country. We draw three key conclusions: into US isolationism; Europeโ€™s survival; and the pace of EV adoption, both in China and in LNG-importing nations.

Grid capacity: a wolf at the door?

Anticipated reserve margin according to NERC forecasts from 2014 to 2033. They have been predicting falling margins but instead, they have seemingly been growing.

This 17-page note outlines how capacity markets work, in order to stabilize global power grids. We argue reserve margins in the US grid are not as healthy as they look. Data centers are like wolves at the door. Capacity prices must rise. This boosts gas plants, grid-scale batteries and non-regulated utilities?

Copyright: Thunder Said Energy, 2019-2024.