Energy security: right to self-determine?

The average major economy produces 70% of its own energy and imports the other 30%. This 12-page note explores energy self-sufficiency by country. We draw three key conclusions: into US isolationism; Europe’s survival; and the pace of EV adoption, both in China and in LNG-importing nations.

Grid capacity: a wolf at the door?

Anticipated reserve margin according to NERC forecasts from 2014 to 2033. They have been predicting falling margins but instead, they have seemingly been growing.

This 17-page note outlines how capacity markets work, in order to stabilize global power grids. We argue reserve margins in the US grid are not as healthy as they look. Data centers are like wolves at the door. Capacity prices must rise. This boosts gas plants, grid-scale batteries and non-regulated utilities?

Building energy infrastructure: constructive margin?

Distribution of capex costs of construction, engineering, equipment, materials, and misc for different types of projects. The average for construction costs are 40%.

Energy transition is the largest construction project in history, with capex costs ultimately ramping up to $9trn per year. Overall, 40% of capex costs accrue to construction firms. Hence this 10-page note evaluates world-scale construction companies, their EBIT margin drivers, and who benefits from expanding power grids?

Back up: does ramping renewables displace gas?

Comparison of the same Australian gas plants in May 2014 and May 2024. The increasing share of renewables reduces the utilization of baseload gas plants and turns them into peaker plants.

This 12-page note studies the output from 10 of the largest gas power plants in Australia, at 5-minute intervals, comparing 2024 versus 2014. Ramping renewables to c30% of Australia’s electricity mix has not only entrenched gas-fired back-up generation, but actually increased the need for peakers?

Energy transition in 1H24: 101 companies and the rise of AI?

Companies discussed in Thunder Said Energy research from 2019 to 2024.

This 13-page note summarizes the key conclusions across all of our research from 1H24, concisely, for busy decision-makers. We highlight 101 companies, which have come up in our recent work, to enable the rise of AI, and debottleneck its electricity supplies, out of 1,500 companies that have now crossed our screens overall.

Solar Superpowers: ten qualities?

Solar ramps from 6% of global electricity in 2023, to 35% in 2050. But could any regions become Solar Superpowers and reach 50% solar in their grids? And which regions will deploy most solar? This 15-page note proposes ten criteria and ranks 30 countries. The biggest surprises will be due to capital costs, grid bottlenecks and pragmatic backups.

Energy trading: value in volatility?

The statistical distribution of commodity prices follows a lognormal curve. Increasing volatility will drive up mean prices and increase the value of arbitrage.

Could renewables increase hydrocarbon realizations? Or possibly even double the value in flexible LNG portfolios? Our reasoning in this 14-page report includes rising regional arbitrages, and growing volatility amidst lognormal price distributions (i.e., prices deviate more to the upside than the downside). What implications and who benefits?

Superconductors: distribution class?

Illustration of a cable made with high-temperature superconducting tape.

High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) carry 20,000x more current than copper, with almost no electrical resistance. They must be cooled to -200ºC. So costs have been high at 35 past projects. Yet, this 16-page report explores whether HTS cables will now accelerate to defray power grid bottlenecks?

AI and Power Grid Bottlenecks: TSE Presentation, June-2024

Energy transition is entering a new era of power grid bottlenecks linked to the rise of AI, rising volatility, and materials high-grading. These themes are kingmakers for gas, midstream, marketing, efficiency, metals and advanced materials. What matters most for AI is rapidly-available, scalable baseload, which could be decarbonized in the future, at low cost. Hence data-centers gravitate to shale basins ?! This 17-page PDF presentation covers our latest views on AI and power grid bottlenecks.

Please do contact us if you would like to explore a presentation, to discuss these ideas and implications in more detail.

Low-carbon baseload: walking through fire?

This 16-page report appraises 30 different options for low-carbon, round-the-clock power generation. Their costs range from 6-60 c/kWh. We also consider true CO2 intensity, time-to-market, land use, scalability and power quality. Seven insights follow for powering new grid loads, especially AI data-centers.

Copyright: Thunder Said Energy, 2019-2024.