Global heat pump sales by country?
…cooling solutions to 40% from 2013 to 2023, and rose from 15% to 23% of heating solutions (ex electric heaters, where AHRI does not report data) (chart below). Heat pump…
Vehicle emissions of CO, NOx and HCs?
…improving engine technology and the use of PGMs within catalytic converters, as mandated by emissions standards. https://thundersaidenergy.com/2024/09/19/going-platinum-pgms-in-energy-transition/ Continued improvements will come from electric vehicles which do not have any tailpipe…
Global PGM demand: breakdown by metal and use?
…as both oxidation and hydrogenation catalysts, conducting electricity, and adsorbing gases, such as oxygen and hydrogen. Production is complex. 55% of global mined output is from South Africa and 25%…
Phosphoric acid production costs?
…contain high quantities of phosphates, with limited carbonates, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3. There is also a dry process, which can run lower-grade ores, by effectively smelting them in an electric arc…
Long-duration storage: dirtier than gas peakers?
…of energy and emits 100 kg/kWh of CO2. When this battery is installed in an electric vehicle, achieving 2,250 charge-discharge cycles over the useful life of the battery, then the…
US natural gas: the stuff of dreams?
…have done the necessary work to forecast US gas supply and demand, based on the energy consumption of AI, electric vehicles, wind, solar, nuclear, coal phase-outs, grid bottlenecks, gas peakers,…