Search results for: “companies”
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Labor costs of coal production: labor productivity and salaries?
This data-file estimates the labor costs of coal production, as a function of labor productivities and salaries, by region and over time. As a global average, across the 3M global coal mine employees captured in the data-file, labor productivity runs at 2,500 tons of coal per employee per year, average salary is $14k pp pa,…
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Shale water costs: transport, treatment and disposal?
Shale water costs might average $0.3/bbl for filtering and recycling, $0.4/bbl to procure new water, $1/bbl for disposal and $3/bbl for full treatment back to agricultural/cooling-quality water. There is variability in water properties and throughout shale basins. This data-file aggregates disclosures into shale water costs.
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Power plant cooling: adapting for water scarcity?
Water is needed to condense steam, downstream of the steam turbines, in nuclear, coal and CCGT power plants. But thermal power demands and fresh water scarcity are both structurally rising. Hence this 16-page report explores how the energy industry might adapt, trends in power plant cooling, and who benefits.
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Carbon markets: by category over time?
This data-file quantifies global carbon markets by category over time, including the EU ETS as an example of a compliance market, RECs, CCS and VERRA-certified “carbon credits”, across categories such as REDD, reforestation and other “carbon offsets”. We also draw analogies with charitable giving and forecast carbon markets out to 2050.
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Carbon markets: charity case?
Carbon markets incentivize renewable energy, CCS, DAC, nature-based solutions and other CO2 offsets. In the past, we naïvely assumed these would grow as much as needed to reach Net Zero by 2050. This 14-page note revises our forecasts, by analogy to other forms of charitable giving. We see voluntary carbon markets reaching $400bn pa by…
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Solvent extraction: Rare Earth separations?
How are Rare Earths separated and concentrated? The process uses solvent extraction in mixer-settlers. It will typically cost over $10/kg, and possibly in the hundreds of dollars per kg. Solvent extraction costs are highly variable and can be stress-tested in this data-file.
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Servo motors: cost calculator?
Servo motors form a $16bn pa market, used in robotics, precision manufacturing equipment, CNC machines, aerospace and med-tech. This data-file estimates the costs of servo-motors, based on underlying controller costs, motor costs and reduction gear costs. Hence we have attempted a simple servo motor cost calculator.
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Yttria-stabilized zirconia: sticker shock?
Global yttrium output is just 10-15kTpa, worth $100M pa, of which c90% is controlled by China. Yet a supply disruption for this critical metal could have ripple effects comparable to an oil shock: de-railing developed world load growth, aircraft manufacturing and the rise of AI? This 15-page report tells the story of yttria-stabilized zirconia, explores…
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Itron: smart energy network technology?
Itron is a US-leader in smart energy meters and smart energy networks. Once you have these smart meters widely deployed across the electricity network, you can start to do really interesting things. This data-file gathers concrete examples of Itron’s smart energy network technology, based on reviewing 15 patents.
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Sustainable aviation fuel: flight path?
As things stand, we argue Europe will be forced to scale back its SAF targets, due to Sustainable Aviation Fuel costs and land constraints. However, our 17-page report asks what could improve the outlook. Specifically, what yields, costs and other properties would we need to see from an oil crop to get excited about unlocking…
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