Search results for: “Brazil”
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Pre-Salt Brazil: FPSO Tracker
This data-file tracks construction progress of 30 FPSOs being deployed in the Brazilian pre-salt. In each case, we quantify the vessel’s oil and gas handling capacity, development timing and news flow. Pipeline bottlenecks are emerging, and will only be able to export one-third of the pre-salt gas volumes by 2025. The rest must be re-injected.
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Mero Revolutions: countering CO2 in pre-salt Brazil?
Petrobras, Shell, TOTAL and two Chinese Majors are pushing the boundaries of deep-water technology to develop the Mero oilfield. But the distribution of possible NPV outcomes is very broad, at c$6bn. Challenges remain. The ingenuity required to overcome them should not be under-estimated. Further prizes may be unlocked in the process.
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Wind turbine capacity factors: by country, by facility?
Wind turbine capacity factors average 26% globally. But they vary from c20% in non-windy countries to 45% in the windiest countries. And they also vary within countries, with a normal distribution and a standard deviation of 7-12%. This data-file maps capacity factors of wind power generation.
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Development Concepts: how much CO2?
We tabulate c25 oil projects, breaking down the total tons of steel and concrete used in their topsides, jackets, hulls, wells, SURF and pipelines. Infill wells, tiebacks and FPSOs make the most CO2-efficient use of construction materials per barrel of production, helping to minimise emissions. Fixed leg platforms are higher CO2, then gravity based structures, then…
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Vehicle fleets: service life and retirement age by vehicle type?
The weighted-average combustion vehicle in the world has a current age of 12-years and an expected service life of 20-years. In other words, a new combustion vehicle entering the global fleet in 2023 will most likely be running through 2043. Useful data and notes are compiled overleaf.
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Bio-coke: energy economics?
Bio-coke is a substitute for coal-coke in steel-making and other smelting operations. We model it will cost c$450/ton, c50% more than coal-coke, but saves 2 – 2.5 tons/ton of CO2. Abatement costs can be as low as $70/ton. Although not always, and there are comparability issues.
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Global biofuel production: by region, by liquid fuel?
Global liquid biofuel production ran at 3.2Mbpd in 2024, of which c60% is ethanol, c30% is biodiesel and c10% is renewable diesel. 65% of global production is from the US and Brazil. Global liquid biofuel production reaches 3.8Mbpd by 2030 on our forecasts.
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Energy self-sufficiency by country and over time?
This data-file tabulates energy self-sufficiency, by country, over time, across 30 of the largest economies in the world. Among this sample, the median country generates 70% of its energy domestically, and is reliant on imports for 30% of the remainder. Energy self-sufficiency varies vastly by country.
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Global biogas production by country?
Global biogas production has risen at a 10-year CAGR of 3% to reach 4.3bcfed in 2023, equivalent to 1.1% of global gas consumption. Europe accounts for half of global biogas, helped by $4-40/mcfe subsidies. This data-file aggregates global biogas production by country, plus notes into feedstock sources, uses of biogas and biomethane.
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Sugar to ethanol: the economics?
This data-file captures the economics of ethanol production, as a biofuel derived from sugar. A 10% IRR requires $1-4/gallon ethanol, equivalent to $0.25-1/liter, or $60-250/boe. Economics are most sensitive to input sugar prices. Net CO2 intensity is at least 50% lower than hydrocarbons.
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