Industry Data

Energy intensity by country: how does it change as income increases?

This data-file assesses 25 countries’ and regions’ energy consumption, as those countries developed over the past 50-years. Early industrialization is most energy intensive, rising 1:1 with GDP growth. In developed countries, energy use plateaus at c25MWH pp pa and decarbonization priorities step up sharply.
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ELCCs: reliability of power sources?

ELCC denotes the Effective Load Carrying Capacity of power generation, illustrating how reliably that capacity will be available during times when grids are strained. ELCCs are highest for nuclear, gas generation and coal; lower for batteries, hydro and offshore wind; lowest for onshore wind and solar. ELCC by power source varies, however.
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Building automation: AI, KNX and smart energy savings?

Building automation via smart energy projects are captured in this data-file, using sensors, KNX and/or AI. Optimizing lighting, heating, AC and overall energy use saves 35% energy on average. Leading suppliers of the underlying sensors and drivers are also tabulated across past projects.
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Wind turbines: wake losses?

Wind turbine wake losses would deprive a downstream wind turbine of 70% of its generation capacity at 350m immediately downwind of a modern wind turbine, 50% at 700m, 40% at 1km, 20% at 2km and 10% at 4km. This is based on the Jensen model and case studies tabulated in this data-file. More recently, some…
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Costs of demand response: Voltus case studies?

Demand response, aka load shifting, or virtual power plants, keep power grids in balance by curtailing non-essential loads, during times that would otherwise require ramping up peaker plants, or when grids simply do not have enough capacity overall. The costs of demand response are estimated at c$60/kW/year, across 25 case studies in this data-file, for…
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Nuclear uprates: capex costs?

Nuclear uprates could add 5-10GW to the US’s 100GW nuclear fleet, simply by running existing reactors harder or upgrading their equipment. The capex costs of nuclear uprates are tabulated in this data-file, across a dozen case studies, ranging from $200 – $7,000/kW. Does this position uprates ahead of SMRs on the nuclear cost curve?
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Overview of inertia in renewable-heavy grids?

This overview of inertia in renewable-heavy grids tabulates the typical inertia of rotating generators, then models the resultant Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) during supply disruptions. In our base case, a grid with 6 MW-s/MVA of inertia rides through a 2% supply-disruption, buffered by 1% fast frequency response (FFR), via lowering grid frequency from…
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Battery gigafactory capex costs?

This data-file captures battery Gigafactory capex costs, by region, by chemistry, by company and over time, by looking across a sample of 40 major projects. Capex costs average $80/kWh-pa of capacity. Each GWH pa of capacity is associated with 70 full-time employees.
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US energy consumption by State and by source?

Total useful energy consumption in the US runs at 12,500 TWH pa, or 37 MWH pp pa. But this data-file disaggregates useful US energy consumption by State and by energy source, from 2000 to 2024. The US energy system is not a monolith, but full of amazing regional variation.
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Servo motors: cost calculator?

Servo motors form a $16bn pa market, used in robotics, precision manufacturing equipment, CNC machines, aerospace and med-tech. This data-file estimates the costs of servo-motors, based on underlying controller costs, motor costs and reduction gear costs. Hence we have attempted a simple servo motor cost calculator.
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Energy Units — An Overview

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