Nio: EV-charging breakthrough?
…an integrated charging stations is also particularly helpful for demand shifting to backstop increasingly renewable-heavy grids. We have reviewed ten of the company’s patents. We conclude it has a genuine…
Vehicles: energy transition conclusions?
…excited by the shovel-makers, the suppliers of materials and electronic components, that will feed into chargers, especially fast chargers. Granular costs of EV chargers are modelled here, and can be…
Lithium ion batteries: energy density?
…lithium. Lithium ions carry a charge of +1 and have a molar mass of 6.94 g/mol. Sodium ions carry a charge of +1 and have a molar mass of 22.9…
Boltzmann energy overview?
…of charge carriers x the charge per charge carrier x the mobility of charge carriers in the material. You can probably tell from the previous sentences that the maths here…
Semiconductors: conductivity calculations?
…for conductivity in metals is that S=neμ, where n is the number of charge carriers (usually an integer multiple of the number of atoms), e is the fundamental energy of…
Grid-scale battery costs: the economics?
…benchmarking different batteries is that they might be lucky to charge and discharge precisely once per day (this is even specified as a limit in the warranties of some battery…
Grid-scale battery costs: $/kW or $/kWh?
…of lithium batteries is that the faster you charge them and discharge them, the faster they degrade. The reasoning is explained in the note below. But in short, when a…
Battle of the batteries: EVs vs grid storage?
…often does a battery charge-discharge? What percent of these charge-discharge cycles genuinely prevent curtailment? What proportion of curtailment can actually be avoided in practice with batteries? What round-trip efficiency on…
Electric vehicle: battery life?
…10,000 miles per year, at an effective fuel economy of 3 miles/kWh is going to endure around 1,500 battery charging-discharging cycles over a 15-year life. Commercial vehicles are going to…
Electric vehicles: chargers of the light brigade?
This 14-page note compares the economics of EV charging stations with conventional fuel retail stations. They are fundamentally different. Our main question is whether EV chargers will ultimately get over-built,…