Vehicle emissions of CO, NOx and HCs?
There has been a remarkable reduction in the negative air quality impacts of combustion vehicles since 1970, as quantified in this data-file and over time. Vehicle emissions of CO, NOx…
Renewables: how much time to connect to the grid?
…companies more, and requiring project developers to be more accommodating? #2. Project sizing does not directly explain inter-connection approval times. The average utility-scale solar project has become larger over time…
Green hydrogen: alkaline versus PEM electrolysers?
…porous diaphragm. Instead of bubbling out as a gas on the anode side, very small amounts of oxygen may dissolve, diffuse ‘in the wrong direction’ across the porous diaphragm, and…
CO2 offsets: Pachama’s AI platform?
…carbon eco-systems can store a lot of carbon, over 1,000 tons/hectare, possibly over 2,000 tons/hectare. But 500MT is a truly enormous number. It is equivalent to the direct annual emissions…
Overview of mining equipment companies?
…25-30% in Asia. Another 25-30% is usually associated with the copper industry, 25-30% with the gold-silver industry, and the remainder is diversified (charts below). Direct focus on the energy efficiency…
CH4 context: the largest methane leaks of all time?
…represent a direct attack on European infrastructure, further deepening what could be a decade-long energy shortage, a gutting of European industry. This also cements the likelihood that Europe will phase…
How does CO2 increase global temperature?
…unbridled wrath of substantively everyone. We also understand that the world’s climate is complex, and cannot be perfectly captured by simple formulas, any more than ‘world history’ can be. Nevertheless,…
Silicon carbide: production costs?
This data-file captures silicon carbide production costs: spanning from materials grade SiC ($1,500/ton marginal cost, 5 tons/ton CO2 intensity) through to SiC wafers that are used in the electronics industry…
Metals and materials: strength and temperature resistance?
…a gas turbine/jet engine is a direct function of the hottest temperature in the Brayton Cycle. In the wind industry, glass fiber and carbon fiber are used in wind turbine…
Blue steel: construction boom?
…copper!) (page 6). DRI+EAF steel. What are the costs and CO2 intensity factors? We have modeled the DRI pathway converting iron ore (Fe2O3) into direct reduced iron using a syngas…