CO2 concentrations in industrial exhaust streams?
…gas boiler or burner will have 4% CO2 in its exhaust gas, rising to 8-12% with exhaust gas recirculation, and rising further, to 10-12% at a typical coal-fired power plant….
Landfill gas: rags to riches?
…cost uses of landfill gas in heat and power can also make good sense. But vast subsidies for landfill gas upgrading, RNG vehicles and biogas-to-jet may not be cost-effective. Our…
Switching gears: the most potent GHG in the world?
…(below). https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/wind-and-solar-capacity-additions/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2021/02/18/industrial-heat-the-myth-of-electrify-everything/ A read-across for gas? There are people out there who look at natural gas’s global warming potential — 80-100x CO2 on an instantaneous basis, 21-25x CO2 over…
Fuel cells: performance, efficiency and decline rates?
…efficiency of 46%. This is above the electrical efficiency of coal plants which average 38%. Simple cycle gas turbines achieve 40%, rising to 57% for the average combined cycle plant…
Thermodynamics of CO2 at different temperatures and pressures?
…gas varies as a function of its temperature, compressibility, heat capacity ratio (Cp/Cv) and its molar mass. Our overview of thermodynamics explains how the efficiency of a gas-fired power cycle…
Boltzmann energy overview?
…number of micro-states available to the system (for more, see our overview of thermodynamics). The Boltzmann constant in gas equations? Universal gas laws? In an idealized gas, pressure (in Pascals)…
Global electricity: by source, by use, by region?
…150bcfd in 2023 to 385bcfd by 2050, which also boosts demand for gas turbines. Fuel use for coal, gas and oil, by region, and over time, are broken out on…
Cement costs and energy economics?
…for the energy transition. A wind turbine uses 67 tons of cement per MW. So too might foundations of utility scale solar, power transmission lines, or the “pads” used to…
Offshore vessels: fuel consumption?
…activity. The largest are offshore construction vessels which will tend to consume around 300bpd of fuel. This is also factored in our EROEI calculations for a wind turbine. Cable lay…
Formaldehyde production: the economics?
…in making urea-formaldehyde resins, which in turn are used to make fibre-board wood products (e.g., MDF); in other adhesive products (e.g., as might be used in producing wind turbine blades);…