Nafion membranes: costs and hydrogen crossover?
…But anions and gases are impeded. This is even the reason that the SpaceX’s Dragon space probe used Nafion membrane to dehumidify air against a vacuum. Costs of Nafion membranes…
BrightLoop: clean hydrogen breakthrough?
…from a fuel, while also producing a relatively pure stream of CO2, by avoiding the oxidation of the fuel in air (78% nitrogen) and instead circulating solid carrier particles through…
Electromagnetic energy: Planck, Shockley-Queisser, power beaming?
…energy efficiency of microwave energy, transmitting it through space and converting it back to useful electricity via rectennas. https://thundersaidenergy.com/2024/03/21/power-beaming-into-thin-air/ All of the numbers and calculations go back to first principles,…
Cummins: diesel engine and generator technology?
…casting off the shadow of a $1.7bn Clean Air Act fine in 2023, for installing defeat devices. Yet we did find clear, specific and detailed patents improving after-treatment systems. Another…
Industrial cooling: chillers and evaporators?
…three mechanisms: simple heat exchange with ambient air or water (depends on ambient temperatures), evaporating some of the water in an evaporating tower (depends on water availability) and chilling a…
Solar insolation: by latitude, season, date, time and tilt?
…latitude can be varied in the data-file, which also contains hour-by-hour granularity. Insolation at ground level can thus be calculated, based on the mass of air that has been traversed…
Pumped hydro: generation profile?
…at large scale today, while development progress continues with redox flow batteries, compressed air or novel chemistries. However, the key challenge is low utilization. On average from 2021-23, charging occurred…
Electric vehicle cost breakdown by component?
…costs c$9k, after tabulating the engine, transmission, fuel tank, fuel pump, engine control unit (ECU), air intake system, radiator, oil pump, catalytic converter, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), muffler, alternator, starter…
Turbochargers: leading companies?
…in 2025-30? $499.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart Turbochargers unlock higher power output from smaller, lighter, lower-friction and thus more efficient combustion engines, by compressing the air that enters the engine…
Global PGM demand: breakdown by metal and use?
…in the mix due to affordability, and rising PGM loadings per vehicle. The catalyst loading per vehicle will continue rising, due to tightening emissions standards to improve air quality (especially…