the research consultancy for energy technologies
…Over time we will add more data to this file on the thermodynamics of different working fluids, including their Enthalpy, Entropy, Specific Heats, Cp/Cv, latent heat (where relevant) and densities….
…controlled, and ultra-powerful. A world-changing improvement on heat engines and an energy mega-trend for the 21st century. However, the thermodynamics of hydrogen depart from the trend, converting high-quality electricity back…
…warmer climates, have a typical cost of 7c/seedling. Conversely, in colder climates, seedlings maybe grown in containers, in heated greenhouses, which also has the advantage of permitting earlier growing and…
…bio-ethanol plants and bio-methane plants, then recirculating the stillage. Some nice flow diagrams are copied in our data-file. But most interestingly, halving the heat use on a bio-ethanol facility, and…
…total global primary efficiency by deploying technologies with lower-than-average primary efficiency?! (page 14). Efficiency paradox #3. Industrial history has seen primary efficiency of heat engines improve by a factor of…
…and controllability of electrified technology is usually 3-5x higher than comparable heat engines. It is analogous to the shift from analogue to digital. 40% of the world’s useful energy is…
…as catalysts, especially metals. Sulphur impurities produce heat stable salts. Evaporative losses correlate with temperature. Operating power plants at partial loads or as peakers can also increase evaporative emissions. Some…
…extend beyond simply cost. And there will always be a few downright lunatics who actually consider building small-scale wind turbines or drilling the bore-holes for a ground-source heat pump at…
…game changer for light-vehicles, with 3-5x greater fuel economy than combustion vehicles (database here), due to inexorable thermodynamic differences between electric motors and heat engines (overview note here). (2) Electric…
…thumb, 30% of the energy inputs needed to make a typical material are electricity, 25% are heat and 45% are other input materials. Ranges. All of these numbers can vary…