Oklo: fast reactor technology?
…Specifically, this means it harnesses energy from fast neutrons, each with >1MeV of energy, as generated from fission, without using water or graphite moderators to slow them down to the…
Global energy demand by end use?
…chlor-alkali, coal production, commercial heat, cooking, copper, desalination, electric motors, electrical appliances, glass, graphite, heavy trucks, hydrogen, industrial acids, internet, lighting, lithium batteries, LNG liquefaction, manufacturing, methanol, oil & gas…
Solvay: lithium ion battery binders and additives?
…a leading producer of battery binders, which are fluorinated polymers, mainly PVDF, that physically bind the metal particles together in a battery cathode and the graphite particles together in a…
Electric vehicles: breaking the ICE?
…also requires overcoming bottlenecks in lithium, fluorinated polymers, battery-grade nickel, graphite, copper, Rare Earth Metals and SiC. Mechanically, you can also multiply the number of vehicles discussed in this note…
Global vehicle fleet: vehicle sales and electrification by region?
…for key materials used in batteries, motors and traction inverters, such as lithium, fluorinated polymers, battery-grade nickel, graphite, copper, Rare Earth Metals and SiC. Retirement rates of vehicles depend on…
Boston Metal: molten oxide electrolysis of steel?
…meaning they would oxidize and cease to be conductive? Likewise, graphite has a very high melting point, but is prone to oxidizing into CO2 at such high temperatures. The Boston…
Energy storage: top conclusions into batteries?
…fluorinated polymers and battery-grade nickel; then graphite and copper. We are less worried about cobalt. Our best data-file into materials used in a lithium ion battery, and their costs, is…
Energy costs of lithium ion batteries?
…7 tons of CO2. Half of the energy use in lithium ion batteries is in materials, such as lithium, nickel, graphite, fluorinated polymers, fluorides, copper, aluminium and other plastics. The…
Froth flotation: the economics?
…10GTpa). This includes substantively all of the world’s metals, from copper, to lithium, to nickel, to graphite, to iron ore, to PGMs, to Rare Earths. It also includes over 1GTpa…
X Energy: nuclear fuel breakthrough?
…15.5% enriched uranium core (HALEU), surrounded by a porous layer of graphite, then three further containment layers of dense carbon and ceramic, to make the particle “the most robust nuclear…