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…motor degradation. There may even be an opportunity for demand shifting. These issues are explored on pages 11-12. Leading companies are described on pages 13-14, including their market shares, proportionate…
…the heat. But the ranges very broadly from 10-90%, depending on the system. Many electric heating technologies can also undertake demand shifting, in order to help backstop increasingly renewable-heavy grids….
…opportunities for traditional gas distribution companies in the energy transition are to minimze methane leaks, improve compressor efficiency, and consider adjacent sectors such as CCS, demand shifting and power infrastructure….
…cash cost, under our base case assumptions. CO2 intensity is 0.5 tons of CO2 per ton of product. Interestingly, chlor-alkali plants may be able to demand shift, cutting 20-30% of…
…shift. Conversely, we are not even sure an electrolyser can run off of a volatile renewables input feed without incurring 5-10% pa degradation, or worse (if you read one TSE…
…of blowing air and compressing CO2 for disposal (pages 9-12). Can DAC demand shift to backstop renewables? Interestingly, we think the costs and energy penalties of decarbonizing hydrocarbons with DAC…
…and excess heat from the oxy-fuelled calcining reaction can demand shift to help backstop (increasingly volatile) power grids (i.e., a ‘smooth operator‘), including amidst the build out of renewables. Another…
…volatile power prices, amidst the build out of renewables, by demand shifting, which means timing their electrical loads to the times when renewables are generating. In some cases, this requires…
…aim at around 4-hours of duration. At longer duration, we prefer redox flow batteries among electrochemical solutions. Even better backups are thermal energy storage and demand shifting. While for economic…
…But ramping solar requires energy storage. To set some baselines, costs of different backups are re-capped on pages 2-3. Half way between demand shifting and battery storage is storing up…