Energy development times: first consideration to full production?
…oil and gas projects, 9-years for new LNG plants and 13-years for new nuclear plants. There is a spread within each category. As a rough split, these timings break down…
Urea production: the economics
…which is disaggregated in the file across ammonia inputs, CO2 inputs, electricity inputs and heat inputs. These numbers can all be stress-tested. Sensitivity matters. At $6-10/mcf gas prices, marginal costs…
Formaldehyde production: the economics?
…direct linear function of gas prices. Total embedded CO2 is around 0.75tons/ton of formaldehyde (again on a 100% basis), of which c90% is embedded in producing methanol as a chemical…
Wood use: what CO2 credentials?
…five key conclusions. They count against deforestation, in favor of using waste wood, in favor of wood materials (with some debate around paper) and strongly in favor of natural gas….
Biofuels: the best of times, the worst of times?
…outlook for US corn ethanol is laid out on pages 4-5, including typical costs, CO2 intensity, feedstock inflation and possible impacts on the gasoline market. We wonder whether world events,…
World food production: energy breakdown by crop by country?
…energy production, therefore, stands at 20 trn calories per year, equivalent to 25,000 TWH of primary energy. For perspective, the primary energy in total global gas production is around 40,000…
Chlor-alkali process: the economics?
…turn comprises 1.13 tons of NaOH, 1 ton of Cl2 and 0.03 tons of H2 gas. This generates a 10% IRR of a low cost growth project costing $600/Tpa. Costs…
24M: semi-solid battery breakthrough?
…electrodes are aimed at “dramatically reducing” costs of lithium ion batteries, with higher energy density, safety and reliability, for use in battery storage (to replace gas peakers) and in electric…
Solar variability: how much does solar energy vary by year?
…sources, such as wind (also modelled), and other energy inputs (nuclear, hydro, gas, etc). For example, see our notes here and here. Another excellent option is long-distance inter-connect power lines,…
X Energy: nuclear fuel breakthrough?
…gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), commercializing 80MWe of electricity from c200MWth of heat. $449.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart Progress and economics. A $2.4bn advanced demonstration project is being progressed in Washington State,…