Copper: the economics?
…of copper production depend heavily on ore grade and mining/refining technology. We estimate that a 0.1% reduction in future copper ore grading increases marginal cost by around 10% and CO2…
Lilac solutions: lithium breakthrough?
…would be world-changing, given our recent research finds 50% upside to lithium prices in the energy transition and 50T CO2/ton Li for marginal spodumene mining (note here). Overall Lilac’s patents…
Hydrofluoric acid: the economics?
…and CO2 taxes. Back-up tabs aggregate a build up into fluorinated polymer value chain (based on PTFE), fluorspar mining data by country from USGS and our notes from technical papers….
Established technologies: hiding in plain sight?
…molecules for sequestration, mining materials to build energy transition infrastructure, and possibly even using hydrogen will all require compressors. Which scores as another hidden enabler for energy transition, that is…
Coal versus gas: explaining the CO2 intensity?
…find, is that starving gas value chains of capital may have re-inflated marginal costs to $12-16/mcf (4-5c/kWh) (third note below). https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/coal-mining-the-economics/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/us-shale-gas-the-economics/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2021/09/23/end-game-options-to-cure-energy-shortages/ Conclusion: coal to gas switching cuts CO2…
Graphite producers: leading companies?
…and other key details. There is a large landscape of junior mining companies here. However in our view, leaders will be those with the ability to integrate and demonstrate strong…
Lithium from brines: the economics?
…have only attempted a high-level model. To read more about battery-grade lithium from brines and to compare and contrast our lithium mining/refining and salar/DLE brine models, please see our article here….
Direct lithium extraction: ten grains of salt?
…tracked, and becoming a painful bottleneck in 2022-23. Today’s production is dominated by mining (page 4) and evaporative salars (pages 5-6). Each of these has drawbacks, which are covered in…
Manufacturing methods: an overview?
…with >7MWH/ton energy use is energy-intensive. Some of the lowest-cost methods are associated with the mining industry, where they are deployed at enormous scale (multi-MTpa), such as crushing, flotation and…
Aurubis: copper recycling breakthrough?
…as it processes 1MTpa of recycled materials, plus 2.25MTpa of concentrates from 30 mining partners. $399.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart Its flagship Hamburg facility employs 2,000 people and is said…