Paper production: energy economics?
…basis in the model, for both primary paper production and for recycling. The controversy is the CO2 credentials of wood. Total energy intensity of paper production is built up across…
TSE Patent Assessments: a summary?
New technologies for the energy transition range across renewables, next-gen nuclear (fission and fusion), next-gen materials, EV charging, battery designs, CCS technologies, electronics, recycling, vehicles, hydrogen technologies and advanced bio-fuels….
Copper: the economics?
…production (i.e., recycling, e.g., Aurubis). The best option to decarbonize primary copper, based on stress testing our models, is to use clean electricity for processes such as crushing and flotation,…
Lithium: reactive?
…curves are best for those at the bottom of those cost curves. And possibly also for battery recycling. We have screened 20 companies and discuss our conclusions on pages 14-15….
Industrial heat: the myth of electrify everything?
…Over half of the emissions are chemical emissions from coking. The other half is from blast furnaces. Recycling scrap metal in electric arc furnaces is the best electrification opportunity we…
CO2 electrolysis: the economics?
…CO containers. The data-file contains input assumptions, detailed notes from half-a-dozen recent technical papers, and short summary of different companies’ initiatives, including Haldor Topsoe, Siemens, Covestro, Methanex and Carbon Recycling….
Nickel, manganese, cobalt: sufficient reserves for the rise of EVs?
…up, reduce and recycle cobalt will be a challenge. You can stress-test the input assumptions in the model, varying the ultimate sales of electric vehicles, other demand growth, recycling rates…
Lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles: what challenges?
…less focus on battery recycling, energy intensity or maintenance. Deeper technical details on all of the points above are elaborated in the data-file… Deeper technical details on all of the…
Shell drives LNG in transport?
…Storage capacity is increased by providing constant and continuous vapor management, using the sub-cooling system. Weathering is prevented, by sub-cooling and recycling liquefied gas, thus preserving the composition of the…