Cement costs and energy economics?
This data-file captures cement costs, based on inputs, capex and energy economics. A typical cement plant requires a cement price of $130/ton for a 10% IRR, on capex costs of…
CO2-Cured Concrete: Solidia vs traditional cement?
…traditional concrete, yielding exceptional IRRs. An interesting side-note is that producing cement is not particularly CO2 intensive. Around 1 ton of CO2 is usually emitted per ton of cement. This…
Industrial heat: the myth of electrify everything?
…five separate case studies in the steel, cement, glass, petrochemical and paper industries, which exceed 15% of global CO2. Only a CO2 price is likely to maximize efficiency gains across…
Cross laminated timber: costs and economics?
…readily used construction material amidst the energy transition, with sufficient strength to build 40-80 story skyscrapers, yet 80% lower CO2 intensity than walls comprising steel and cement, while also providing…
Road costs: economic model?
…and/or sand (15,000 tons per lane-km), followed by steel (35 tons per lane-km), bitumen (85 tons/lane-km) and cement (60 tons/lane-km). And materially more for large highways. The material must also…
CO2 capture: a cost curve?
…that are simply being vented at present, such as from the ethanol or LNG industries, but the ultimate running-room from this opportunity set is <200MTpa. Blue hydrogen, steel and cement…
Construction materials: a screen of costs and CO2 intensities?
…materials include conventional construction materials such as concrete, cement, steel, brick, wood and glass, plus novel wood-based materials such as cross-laminated timber. Insulated wood and CLT are shown to have…
Demand shifting: electrical flexibility by industry?
…to flex) to pressing and drying (the process may need to be precisely controlled in order to make specialty grades of paper). Across the materials industry, this data-file considers cement…
Sea levels: what implications amidst climate change?
…(e.g., Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta). But there is also something woefully circular about using carbon-emitting building materials (1 ton of cement emits 1 ton of CO2, charts below) to alleviate…
CO2 concentrations in industrial exhaust streams?
…Industries like cement kilns and blast furnaces can have 10-40% CO2 in their exhaust gas. Ethanol and LNG plants are higher again, and can produce almost pure CO2. Costs will…