Lithium ion batteries: energy density?
Today’s lithium ion batteries have an energy density of 200-300 Wh/kg. I.e., they contain 4kg of material per kWh of energy storage. Technology gains can see lithium ion batteries’ energy…
Density of gases: by pressure and temperature?
The density of gases matters in turbines, compressors, for energy transport and energy storage. Hence this data-file models the density of gases from first principles, using the Ideal Gas Equations…
Combustion fuels: density, ignition temperature and flame speed?
…batteries have an effective energy density 80-90% below hydrocarbons. Hydrogen also has low energy density, even when ultra-compressed to 700-bar, while hydrogen also has the lowest flash point of any…
Reforestation: what planting density for seedlings?
…low-density Southern US forestry to 4,000 seedlings per acre in mangrove restoration projects. $399.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart Planting density depends on forestry practices, because as trees grow, they compete…
Coal versus gas: explaining the CO2 intensity?
…source, and there are also practical ways of blending gas back-ups with renewables in fully decarbonized power grids (notes below). https://thundersaidenergy.com/2021/10/21/carbon-capture-how-big-is-the-opportunity/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2020/09/24/deep-blue-cracking-the-code-of-carbon-capture/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2021/11/04/small-scale-ccs-transport-liquid-co2/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2021/09/02/integrated-energy-a-new-model/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2022/08/18/scope-4-emissions-avoided-co2-has-value/ (4) What about the costs?…
Commercial aviation: fuel economy of planes?
…the future of the energy transition, there may be challenges to displacing jet fuel, which has an energy density of 12,000 Wh/kg. A large plane powered by a lithium ion…
Maxwell’s demon: computation is energy?
…conclude that information processing is energy transfer. Computation is energy flow. As a final thought, the entirety of the universe is a progression from a singularity of infinite energy density…
Power cables: carrying capacity and loss rates?
…current density (A/mm2). Generally, efficient conductors should not exceed a current density of 1-2 A/mm2. But higher current densities are possible, if the cables are rated for it and higher…
Thermodynamics of prime movers: energy from first principles?
…the underlying theory of semiconductors, you will find it deeply uncomfortable to bet against the long-run rise of semiconductors. https://thundersaidenergy.com/2023/10/19/semiconductor-physics-piece-de-resistance/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/mosfets-energy-use-and-power-loss-calculator/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2021/09/16/power-grids-tenet/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2022/05/05/power-transmission-raising-electrical-potential/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2023/09/07/leds-seeing-the-light/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2023/04/20/what-is-the-energy-consumption-of-the-internet/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/2023/06/29/omniscience-how-will-ai-reshape-the-energy-transition/ Electric motors are also…
The laws of thermodynamics: what role in the energy transition?
…https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/vehicle-efficiency-electrifying/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/energy-efficiency-of-household-appliances/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/lighting-historical-costs-and-energy-efficiency/ Green hydrogen is likely most challenged by this thermodynamic argument, out of any technology in the energy transition. Converting renewable energy into hydrogen energy in an electrolyser…