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This model captures the energy economics of gas pipelines, CO2 pipelines and hydrogen pipelines. Specifically, we have modelled energy requirements using simple fluid mechanics, and modelled capex costs using past…
…for midstream companies. (8) Costs of midstream components are quantified in our research, such as oil pipelines at $2/bbl/1,000km, oil storage at $1.5/bbl, gas pipelines at $1/mcf/1,000km, gas fractionation at…
FERC regulations are surprisingly interesting!! In theory, gas pipelines are not allowed to have market power. But increasingly, they do have it: gas use is rising, on grid bottlenecks, volatile…
…hubs, or more extensively, is thus the largest determinant of total midstream capex requirements through 2050. Estimates for the number and diameter of pipelines needed per bcfd or per MTpa…
This data-file aggregates granular data into US gas transmission, by company and by pipeline, for 40 major US gas pipelines which transport 45TCF of gas per annum across 185,000 miles;…
…energy and CO2 intensities of different pipelines (below). Generally wider pipelines, correctly sized, with smooth internal surfaces will be the most energy efficient and have the lowest CO2 intensities. You…
…5c/bbl. https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/esp-optimisation-opportunities/ Finally, pipelines may have spare capacity, and may be able to dial-up or dial-down their power draw depending on grid prices. Generally, we assume pipelines run at high…
…CO2. But impurities require higher pressures before CO2 reaches supercriticality. Larger pipelines are also required to move larger quantities of gas at higher pressures. This matters because larger pipelines with…
Energy development times average c4-years for solar projects, 6-years for wind, 7-years for oil, gas, pipelines, LNG, 13-years for nuclear, while infrastructure such as gas pipelines and power transmission lines…
…hydrogen pipelines and chemical hydrogen carriers (e.g., ammonia). Midstream costs will be 2-10x higher than comparable gas value chains, while up to 50% of hydrogen’s embedded energy may be lost…