Redox flow batteries: costs and capex?
…redox flow batteries, starting from first principles, for Vanadium redox flow batteries. Capex breakdown of Vanadium redox flow battery in $ per kW A 6-hour redox flow battery costing $3,000/kW…
Redox flow batteries: for the duration?
…costs of storage for redox flow follow, after reflecting hurdle rates, efficiency losses and other opex. Flow batteries can be competitive with lithium ion batteries in grid-scale storage, per pages…
Leading Companies in Redox Flow Batteries
…public/private. Covered companies range from public Asian conglomerates to public/private redox flow pure-plays. Good progress is visible from Redox Flow batteries, rapidly progressing toward technical maturity, constructing demonstration facilities and…
ESS: redox flow battery breakthrough?
…that has crossed our screens, with excellent, specific and clear details; which have clearly locked up ESS’s implementation of an iron-based redox flow battery. Five key challenges are identified in…
Electrochemistry: battery voltage and the Nernst Equation?
…H2/H+ redox pair). Redox flow batteries are very similar to these idealized electrochemical cells. The example below uses Vanadium, in V2+, V3+, V4+ and V5+ oxidation states. https://thundersaidenergy.com/2023/11/02/redox-flow-batteries-for-the-duration/ Batteries are…
Electrochemistry: redox potential?
…An overview of electrochemistry is given in the first third of the note: the history, the units, calculating current flow from Faraday’s laws and calculating voltage from Standard Potentials and…
Renewable grids: solar, wind and grid-scale battery sizing?
…days Redox flow batteries are particularly helpful for integrating larger shares of renewables, and are modelled to result in total system costs that are c50% lower than using lithium ion…
MOSFETs: energy use and power loss calculator?
…gate. Why can’t current flow through a MOSFET in the off-state? A simplified diagram of an N-channel enhancement MOSFET is shown below. Ordinarily, electrons cannot flow from the source to…
Oil Major Cash Flow and Operating Leverage
This data-file tabulates the approximate cash flow, capex and ‘pre-tax costs’ of Oil Majors, in order to illustrate the operational leverage within the group. Every $1 of free cash flow…
Pumped hydro: generation profile?
…at large scale today, while development progress continues with redox flow batteries, compressed air or novel chemistries. However, the key challenge is low utilization. On average from 2021-23, charging occurred…