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Global energy: supply-demand model?
This global energy supply-demand model combines our supply outlooks for coal, oil, gas, LNG, wind and solar, nuclear and hydro, into a build-up of useful global energy balances in 2023-30. 2026 will be a year of recalibration, as global energy markets shift from c1% over-supply in 2025 to -0.5% under-supply in 2027?
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Market concentration by industry in the energy transition?
What is the market concentration by industry in energy, mining, materials, semiconductors, capital goods and other sectors that matter in the energy transition? The top five firms tend to control 45% of their respective markets, yielding a ‘Herfindahl Hirschman Index’ (HHI) of 700.
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Nature-based CO2 removals: a summary?
This data-file aggregates the details of different nature-based CO2 removals projects that we have been supporting at Thunder Said Energy. The average nature-based reforestation initiative that we supported in 2022 scored 70/100 on our framework. Statistical details and distributions are explored.
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Midstream opportunities in the energy transition?
The midstream industry moves molecules, especially energy-molecules, and especially in pipelines. Despite the mega-trend of electrification, there are still strong midstream opportunities in the energy transition, backstopping volatility and moving new molecules. This short note captures our top ten conclusions.
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Semiconductors: outlook in energy transition?
Semiconductors are an energy technology. And they are transforming the future global energy complex, across AI, solar, electric vehicles, LEDs and other new energies. This short article summarizes our outlook for semiconductors in energy transition, and resultant opportunities across our work.
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Commodity prices: metals, materials and chemicals?
Annual commodity prices are tabulated in this database for 70 material commodities, as a useful reference file; covering steel prices, other metal prices, chemicals prices, polymer prices, with data going back to 2012, all compared in $/ton. We have updated the data-file for 2025 data in April-2026.
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Global plastic demand: breakdown by product, region and use?
Global plastic is estimated at 530MTpa in 2025, rising to 1GTpa by 2050. This data-file is a breakdown of global plastic demand, by product, by region and by end use, with historical data back to 1990 and our forecasts out to 2050. Our top conclusions for plastic demand, by region, by product, by fate, are…
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Global gas supply-demand in energy transition?
Global gas supply-demand is predicted to rise from 400bcfd in 2023 to 650bcfd by 2050, in our outlook, as a complement to wind, solar, nuclear, and as global coal resources mature from the 2030s onwards. This data-file quantifies global gas demand and supply by country, across heating, power and industry.
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Biofuel technologies: an overview?
Biofuels are currently displacing 3.5Mboed of oil and gas. But they are not carbon-free, and their weighted average CO2 emissions are only c50% lower. This data-file breaks down the biofuels market across seven key feedstocks, to help identify which opportunities can scale for the lowest costs and CO2, versus others that require further technical progress.
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Vehicles: energy transition conclusions?
Vehicles transport people and freight around the world, explaining 70% of global oil demand, 30% of global energy use, 20% of global CO2e emissions. This overview summarizes all of our research into vehicles, and key conclusions for the energy transition.
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