Green steel: circular reference?
…full-scale switch to green hydrogen in a Direct Reduced Iron + Electric Arc Furnace plant configuration. We would see costs doubling, but c85-90% of the CO2 can be removed (page…
Industrial materials: thermodynamic efficiency?
…thermally reducing Fe2O3 in iron ore reduction for steel. On the other hand, the industrial processes needed to produce battery materials, lithium, nickel, PGMs are an order of magnitude more…
Electric vehicles: motors and magnets?
…power supply in. Another alternative is to use induction, to magnetize the rotor core, but core losses and iron losses also leak power (impacting efficiency by 2-7pp) and generate heat…
Energy transition: investment strategies?
…industry to iron out ammonia engines, despite challenging combustion properties, prevent NOx emissions, and retrofit existing bulk carriers and container ships, which clearly does carry new market risk. Another interesting…
European energy use: by industry, by fuel, by country?
…and 28 countries. $699.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart The largest consumption categories are residential energy (24%), chemicals (14%), commercial energy (13%), road transport (9%) and iron and steel (6%). The…
Mining: crushing, grinding and comminution costs?
…spanning across the gold, silver, iron, copper and limestone quarrying industries (see the ‘capex’ tab). Our energy intensity estimates are informed by mine disclosures and technical papers, but we have…
Froth flotation: the economics?
…10GTpa). This includes substantively all of the world’s metals, from copper, to lithium, to nickel, to graphite, to iron ore, to PGMs, to Rare Earths. It also includes over 1GTpa…
How do commodities perform during recessions?
…in recessions? Commodities assessed in the data-file include oil, natural gas, coal, corn, iron ore (precursor to steel), aluminium, copper, zinc, nickel, platinum, silver and gold. Recessions assessed in the…
Energy of rotation: angular momentum, inertia and flywheels?
…flywheel stored around 2-3kWh of energy, as a 9m wide iron wheel, weighing 100 tons rotated at 36 rpm. Fast-forward: the largest rotating generators in the world? The average nuclear…
Jetti Resources: copper leaching breakthrough?
Jetti Resources has developed a breakthrough technology to recover copper from low-grade sulfide ores, by leaching with sulphuric acid, thiocarbonyls, ferric iron (III) sulphates and oxidizing bacteria. The patents lock…