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…out as major hydrogen producers, each generating 250-300kTpa of H2. Which refiners make their own hydrogen versus purchasing merchant hydrogen How has the CO2 intensity of US refineries changed over…
This model captures the energy economics of gas pipelines, CO2 pipelines and hydrogen pipelines. Specifically, we have modelled energy requirements using simple fluid mechanics, and modelled capex costs using past…
…for green hydrogen, in order to ensure the hydrogen has minimal embedded CO2, and under new requirements from the US Inflation Reduction Act (page 4). Degradation of electrical equipment under…
…electrolyser, alkaline OH- ions diffuse. In a PEM electrolyser, protons, H+ ions, diffuse. Ten fundamental differences follow. The lowest cost green hydrogen will come from alkaline electrolysers run at high…
What determines the Voltage of an electrochemical cell, such as a lithium ion battery, redox flow battery, a hydrogen fuel cell, an electrolyser or an electrowinning plant? This note explains…
…hydrogen is c85% costlier than gasoline. In Europe, all in costs of hydrogen can match gasoline cars with c20% deflation across the board, free renewable energy and c$75/bbl oil inputs….
…particularly using next-generation combustion technologies. The world’s first hydrogen trains launched in Germany in September-2018. To be cost-competitive with entry-level diesel trains requires c$12/kg hydrogen, $6/gallon diesel and a $50/ton…
…gas companies, Energy Majors and hydrogen specialists; each with a different focus. Overall, reading the patents indicates the array of challenges into hydrogen that need to be solved in order…
The aim of this data-file is to assess who has the leading technology for producing industrial hydrogen: but especially blue hydrogen from auto-thermal reformers, which was highlighted as an opportunity…
…cart The importance of green hydrogen cost deflation is quantified on pages 2-4, using worked examples from the power industry, trucking industry and by comparison to blue hydrogen. Total installed…