If a tree falls in a forest…
…in landfill effectively sequester CO2. Wood can displace other materials, and thus carry a further benefit. For example, it takes 1.9T of CO2 to make 1T of steel, around 1T…
CO2 intensity of shale: breakdown by category?
…shale well, specifically a Permian shale oil well, looking line by line, across the CO2 intensity of concrete and steel, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, the supply chains bringing in sand, water…
Development Concepts: how much CO2?
This data-file quantifies the costs and CO2 emissions associated with different oilfield development concepts’ construction materials. We have tabulated c25 projects, breaking down the total tonnage of steel and concrete…
Do refineries become bio-refineries?
…a mixture of vegetable oils. The reactors of the HDO/ISO units specifically constructed for this purpose, are in fact made of stainless steel (316 SS, 317 SS), to allow them…
Renewables: can they ramp up faster?
…our assessment (page 3). Materials are more challenging, and we map out the total demand pull on global steel, copper, silicon, fiberglass and carbon fiber; and we also discuss the…
Vehicles: energy transition conclusions?
…offshore vessels. (7) Light-weighting also improves fuel economy, as energy consumption is a linear function of mass, and replacing 10% of a vehicle’s steel with carbon fiber can improve fuel…
Wood products: typical pricing?
…we think recent pricing has run above $1,500/m3. We think CLT is an interesting alternative to steel in construction. Hardwood flooring can be among the most valuable timber products. Again,…
Hydrogen: overview and conclusions?
…are currently most excited by using clean hydrogen in ammonia value chains and steel value chains, as the technology is fully mature and looking highly economical. It is also booming…
How do commodities perform during recessions?
…in recessions? Commodities assessed in the data-file include oil, natural gas, coal, corn, iron ore (precursor to steel), aluminium, copper, zinc, nickel, platinum, silver and gold. Recessions assessed in the…
CO2 intensity of wood: context by context?
…which is cross-plotted against wood fuel displacing gas, wood fuel displacing coal, wood material displacing steel/cement, wood products displacing plastics and paper. Calculations can be stress-tested in the data-file, including…