the research consultancy for energy technologies
Cryogenic air separation is used to produce 400MTpa of oxygen, plus pure nitrogen and argon; for steel, metals, ammonia, wind-solar inputs, semiconductor, blue hydrogen and Allam cycle oxy-combustion. Hence this…
…leaching; while screen-printing is one of the lowest cost assembly processes. Conversely, some of the highest-cost methods are associated with the semiconductor industry, involving the deposition of very thin and…
…compute will increase 3-5x faster. Thus a range of forecasts is more sensible than a single point estimate. Transistors made of semiconductor materials, underpin all modern computing by allowing one…
…global electricity generation, via moving magnets in rotors and magnetic induction in stator arrays. Even basic units of energy, electricity and thermodynamics tie to magnetic units (pages 4-6). Magnetic properties…
…vehicles, are part of an industrial eco-system, illustrated above for polyurethanes. Each member of this industrial ecosystem depends upon the others. Surprising links. Some semiconductor materials are produced at larger…
…is likely to be displaced by 2050, due to the rise of electric vehicles, a world-changing technology, 2-6x more efficient than ICEs and a rapidly improving semiconductor technology, which may…
…again from here, and there are semiconductor technologies in conceptual state space that offer 50% solar efficiency, which is double today’s leading TOPCons (pages 11-12). How will AI reshape power…
The capex costs of data-centers are typically $10M/MW, with opex costs dominated by maintenance (c40%), electricity (c15-25%), labor, water, G&A and other. A 30MW data-center must generate $100M of revenues…
…energy transition from first principles… Energy theory from first principles: energy units, thermo-dynamics, electricity, electrochemistry, magnets and motors and semiconductors. https://thundersaidenergy.com/2022/08/25/energy-units-life-the-universe-and-everything/ Decarbonization technologies from first principles: renewables, batteries, EVs, EV charging, lithium…
…stand out to us include next-generation DAC, materials, autonomous vehicles, thermoelectric semiconductors and superconductors. The more immediate bottlenecks for AI are bottlenecks in powering new AI data-centers, amidst deepening power…