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This model captures the energy economics of gas pipelines, CO2 pipelines and hydrogen pipelines. Specifically, we have modelled energy requirements using simple fluid mechanics, and modelled capex costs using past…
FERC regulations are surprisingly interesting!! In theory, gas pipelines are not allowed to have market power. But increasingly, they do have it: gas use is rising, on grid bottlenecks, volatile…
FERC regulations are surprisingly interesting!! In theory, gas pipelines are not allowed to have market power. But they increasingly do have it: gas use is rising, on grid bottlenecks, volatile…
…for midstream companies. (8) Costs of midstream components are quantified in our research, such as oil pipelines at $2/bbl/1,000km, oil storage at $1.5/bbl, gas pipelines at $1/mcf/1,000km, gas fractionation at…
This data-file aggregates granular data into US gas transmission, by company and by pipeline, for 40 major US gas pipelines which transport 45TCF of gas per annum across 185,000 miles;…
…5c/bbl. https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/esp-optimisation-opportunities/ Finally, pipelines may have spare capacity, and may be able to dial-up or dial-down their power draw depending on grid prices. Generally, we assume pipelines run at high…
…CO2. But impurities require higher pressures before CO2 reaches supercriticality. Larger pipelines are also required to move larger quantities of gas at higher pressures. This matters because larger pipelines with…
…energy and CO2 intensities of different pipelines (below). Generally wider pipelines, correctly sized, with smooth internal surfaces will be the most energy efficient and have the lowest CO2 intensities. You…
…hydrogen pipelines and chemical hydrogen carriers (e.g., ammonia). Midstream costs will be 2-10x higher than comparable gas value chains, while up to 50% of hydrogen’s embedded energy may be lost…
…CCS pipelines, will blend in traces of super-alloys, so that they can flow greater volumes at higher pressures. Materials typically only comprise 10-30% of the costs of pipelines, so it…