Green hydrogen: alkaline versus PEM electrolysers?
…porous diaphragm. Instead of bubbling out as a gas on the anode side, very small amounts of oxygen may dissolve, diffuse ‘in the wrong direction’ across the porous diaphragm, and…
Biodiversity: a breakdown of species and carbon stocks?
…and the composition of the atmosphere are inherently linked to the natural world, from the cyano-bacteria that first added oxygen to our atmosphere, through to sphagnum mosses that have stored…
Bloom Energy: solid oxide fuel cell technology?
…where oxygen ‘gains electrons’ and reduces to yield oxide ions. These oxide ions pass through the electrolyte of the cell towards the anode. At the anode, a fuel oxidizes, surrendering…
Forest fires: what climate conclusions?
…occur: heat, fuel and oxygen. There is little chance of controlling heat or oxygen in the environment. Hence the only practical option to prevent wildfires is to remove fuel. Note…
Hot potassium carbonate CCS: energy economics?
…products. Another interesting option could be exhaust gas recirculation, to boost CO2 concentrations and lower compression loads. In some configurations oxygen blending can further lower the volumes of gases that…
Bio-engineer plants to absorb more CO2?
…the RuBisCO enzyme is imprecise. It evolved at a time when the world’s atmosphere contained much lower oxygen concentrations. Unfortunately, under present atmospheric conditions, 20-35% of RuBisCO’s catalytic activity reacts…
Electrochemistry: battery voltage and the Nernst Equation?
…electron shells, gain electrons and thus “reduce” into negatively charged ions (or form covalent bonds). Oxygen, for example, is quite keen to accept electrons from metal atoms. So much so…
Battery cathode active materials and manufacturing?
…phosphate precursors. Different cathode chemistries and their resultant properties are covered in this data-file. https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/lithium-ion-batteries-for-electric-vehicles-what-costs/ (3) Precursor cathode active materials are then typically heated in an oxygen enriched atmosphere for…
Acetylene: production costs?
…IRR on a large production facility, and after reflecting capex costs, feedstock gas prices, heat, electricity, cryogenic oxygen, opex costs and CO2 prices. Production costs are most sensitive to input…
Hydrogen reformers: SMR versus ATR?
…for different shades of grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen — on pages 10-11. ATR has advantages and drawbacks, especially in particular chemicals processes, where oxygen feeds are more available. We…