Ammonia: production costs and energy economics?
…case ammonia production costs are $400/ton NH3, in order to earn a 10% IRR at a newbuild facility, costing $650/Tpa in capex, and drawing on grey hydrogen inputs costing $0.8/kg….
Carbon fiber: energy economics?
Carbon fiber production costs are estimated at $25/kg in this data-file, in order to generate a 10% IRR at a new world-scale carbon fiber plant. Energy economics are broken down…
Heat pumps: hot and cold?
…“bans on new fossil fuel boilers need to start being introduced globally in 2025, driving up sales of electric heat pumps”. But are they ready for prime time? We have…
Small-scale wind turbines: leading companies?
…supply 10,000 TWh pa of useful energy by 2050. However, a 1-4% decline rate would mean that 50-200GW pa of new wind additions would be required simply to offset the…
LNG transport: shipping economics?
…base case is that a large new LNG carrier, with 170,000 m3 capacity will cost around $200M to construct. Further details can be found in our broader LNG research and…
Switching gears: the most potent GHG in the world?
…example, wind and solar are more volatile than conventional generation. They do not inherently provide any inertia or reactive power. For an explanation of these effects, and an example of…
Carbon capture on ships: raising a sail?
…routes (pages 11-12). Which companies benefit? We explore implications for leading capital goods companies, chemicals companies and small-scale LNG on page 13. A new infrastructure industry would also be required,…
Rocket fuels: an overview?
…new-comer, LNG. Although hydrogen provides the greatest specific impulse, a measure of a rocket’s thrust per fuel mass, we actually find a surprising trend away from liquid hydrogen in rocket…
Back-stopping renewables: the nuclear option?
…flexibility are calculated on page 12, showing costs around 15-25c/kWh for a new Western greenfield facility, which is less than large batteries and hydrogen. Our conclusions around how nuclear power…
NuScale: small modular reactor breakthrough?
…NuScale’s small modular reactor is part of a renaissance of new technology progress and pragmatism. Recent progress is strong. It is the first design of its kind to win US…