Scope 4 emissions: avoided CO2 has value?
…decarbonize. Our overall roadmap to net zero needs to treble global energy capex to over $3trn pa (pages 4-8). Project developers and investors should consider Scope 4 CO2. Many categories…
Energy units: life, the universe and everything?
…unit, which definitionally links electricity, heat, motion, physics and chemistry, as explained on page 2. However the kWh is a more useful unit, because 40% of all global energy is…
Crop production: what CO2 intensity?
…is N2O emissions, as c0.3-3.0% of all nitrogen fertilizers break down into N2O (per the IPCC). N2O is a greenhouse gas with 298x higher global warming potential than CO2, which…
Electrowinning: costs and energy economics?
…Wales. The Wohlwill process to refine gold was invented in 1874 and the Moebius process for silver in 1884. This model includes an example from the 13MTpa global zinc production…
How do commodities perform during recessions?
…data-file include the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-09, the collapse of the Dot Com bubble in the early 2000s, after the First Gulf War in the early 1990s, after the…
Solar capacity: growth through 2030 and 2050?
…going to act as bottlenecks on growth. The numbers are truly staggering. Our solar trajectory raises total global demand for these materials by 20-120%. Fig 11, on page 11, is…
Jetti Resources: copper leaching breakthrough?
…“unlock, vast stranded copper resources” via a breakthrough technology. This matters as our roadmap to net zero sees global copper demand rising 3x by 2050. The company has raised $100M…
Exploration capex: long-term spending from Oil Majors?
…group can be thought of as c10% of global production. This peer group quadrupled its exploration expenditures, from $5bn pa spent on exploration in 1995-2005 to an average of $20bn…
Decarbonized gas: ship LNG out, take CO2 back?
Can you transport CO2 in LNG carriers? This 14-page report explores an option to decarbonize global LNG: (i) capture the CO2 from combusting natural gas (ii) liquefy it, including heat…
Methane slip: how much gas evades combustion?
…engines. However, the highest rate of methane slip occurs in flaring. $299.00 – Purchase Checkout Added to cart Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is 100x…