Climate science: staring into the sun?
…‘grand solar minmum’ (GSM) could be imminent… Grand solar minima. Longer term data on the sun are not directly available, but can be inferred from the studies of isotopes in…
Disrupting Agriculture: Energy Opportunities?
…direct CO2 savings of 400MTpa, enough to offset 10% of US oil demand; 2bcfd of upside to US gas demand; and enough land would be freed up to decarbonise all…
Electrochemistry: battery voltage and the Nernst Equation?
…is Standard Potential? Standard Potential aims to quantify how much an atom wants to oxidize or reduce relative to the H2/H+ redox pair and measured in Volts. This sentence sounds…
CO2-EOR in shale: the holy grail?
…forecasts assume little direct benefit (chart below). But an indirect benefit is implicit, as we assume 10% annualized productivity growth to 2025, which would underpin a very strong ramp-up (chart…
Photovoltaic silicon: the economics?
…silicon in a solar panel is most likely associated with 140kg of direct CO2 emissions. In 2022, we have also updated the analysis to capture the costs of re-shoring a…
Thermodynamics of prime movers: energy from first principles?
…for this reason that Brayton Cycle gas turbines can be strapped to the sides of airplanes, misted with jet fuel, and safely underpin 7 trn passenger-miles of air travel per…
Drone Attacks on Energy Assets?
…c60% were concentrated on pipeline infrastructure, which is relatively easy to repair. 70% of the upstream attacks were on wells or small processing units. 80% were localised within active war-zones…
Global PGM demand: breakdown by metal and use?
…in the mix due to affordability, and rising PGM loadings per vehicle. The catalyst loading per vehicle will continue rising, due to tightening emissions standards to improve air quality (especially…
Northern Lights CCS: the economics?
We have modeled out simple economics for Northern Lights, the most elaborate carbon capture and storage (CCS) scheme ever proposed by the energy industry (Equinor, Shell, TOTAL). The project involves…
Energy Technologies and Energy Transition
Below is an overview of our written research into energy technologies and the energy transition, to help you navigate our work, by topic. The summary below captures 1,000 pages of…