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…autonomous technologies and robotics. Semiconductors underpin the rise of solar. Solar semiconductors harness the photovoltaic effect, transforming diffuse sunlight into a direct current, which further semiconductors can invert into an…
…the conductivity of semiconductors, in spreadsheet format, from first principles, as a useful reference file for our broader modelling of semiconductors, from solar panels to electric vehicles. The basic formula…
Semiconductors underpin solar panels, electric vehicles and electronics. Hence this 20-page note aims to explain semiconductor physics from first principles: their conductivity and resistance, their use in devices, plus implications…
…digital switches made of semiconductor materials, which allow one circuit to control another. Our overview of semiconductors explains how a transistor works, from first principles, by depicting a bipolar junction…
…analysis on the bandgap, the next chart below shows that our 43-44% conversion limit holds for any semiconductors with a bandgap of 1.1-1.35eV, more of a plateau than a sharp…
…to make 70% of LEDs globally, but also for wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as SiC and GaN, the market leader is a publicly listed German specialist, with 70% market share. In…
…junction transistors, are noted in the data-file. For helpful background into how semiconductors work, which may be useful context alongside this review, please see our overview of semiconductor physics. https://thundersaidenergy.com/2023/10/19/semiconductor-physics-piece-de-resistance/…
Solar semiconductors have changed the world, converting light into clean electricity. Hence can thermoelectric semiconductors follow the same path, converting heat into electricity with no moving parts? This 14-page report…
The global market for vacuum pumps is worth $15bn per year, with growing importance for making semiconductors, solar panels and AI chips. This data-file reviews ten leading companies in vacuum…
…and data in the file). This ‘lattice scattering’ is why power grid losses rise on hot days, or why ‘high temperature superconductors’ are a rarity. For semiconductors, conductivity is particularly…