Supply-Demand
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European gas and power model: natural gas supply-demand?
This data-file is our European gas supply-demand model. Balances are assessed in European gas and power markets from 1990 to 2035, reflecting all of our research into Europe’s energy transition. 2024-25 gas markets were supported by inventory draw-downs, but LNG imports step up from 110MTpa to 120MTpa through 2030, before softening again through 2035.
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China energy supply-demand model?
This data-file is our China Energy Model and China CO2 Model, disaggregating China’s energy demand by industry, across coal, oil, gas, wind, solar, hydro and nuclear, across c200 lines, from 2000-2060, with 20-input variables that can be stress-tested. By 2050, useful energy demand rises by 38%, electricity demand doubles, and CO2 falls back by 40%.
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Global oil demand: breakdown by product by country?
This data-file breaks down global oil demand, country-by-country, product-by-product, month-by-month, across 2017-2025. Global oil demand ran at 104 Mbpd in 2025, for +1.0 Mbpd of growth. For perspective, global oil demand rose at +1.2Mbpd per year in the 30-years from 1989->2019, so there is not much evidence, on face value, that “peak oil is nigh”.
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Wind and solar capacity additions?
Global wind and solar capacity additions reached 630GW pa (AC-basis) in 2025, which is 3x 2020 levels and 10x 2011 levels. The pace of gross wind and solar capacity additions can rise by a further 3x by 2050, bringing wind and solar to 55% of a greatly expanded global power grid by 2050. Most of…
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Global LNG supply model: by project and by country?
Global LNG output ran at 430MTpa in 2025. This model estimates global LNG production by facility across 200 LNG facilities and projects. Our latest forecasts are that global LNG demand will rise at a 6% CAGR, to reach 760MTpa by 2035, for an absolute growth rate of +30MTpa per year. There is a construction boom…
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US energy model: oil, gas, power and CO2?
The US consumes 25,000 TWH of primary energy per year, which equates to 13,000 TWH of useful energy, and emits 6GTpa of CO2. This model captures our best estimates for how the US energy system will involve, across oil, gas, coal, nuclear, wind, solar and efficiency gains, and thus the trajectory of CO2 emissions through…
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Global copper supply-demand
Global copper supply-demand is tabulated in this data-file, looking across 90 mines and upcoming projects, by country, and over time. Markets were 5% undersupplied when prices spiked in 2010-11, 6% over-supplied when they collapsed in 2015-16, and returned to undersupply in 2025. Undersupply persists through 2035, most likely at -3% pa, as demand grows by…
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Global gas generation capacity by region and over time?
Global gas generation capacity additions averaged 50 GW pa over the decade from 2015-2024, of which the US was 20%, Europe was 10%, Asia was 50%, LatAm was 10% and Africa was 10%. Yet global gas turbine additions could double to 90 GW pa in 2025-35. This data-file estimates global gas turbine capacity by region…
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Global wood production: supply by country by year?
This data-file quantifies global wood production, country-by-country, category-by-category, back to 1960, using granular data from the FAO. 4bn m3 of wood is harvested per year (2GTpa by mass). There is a read-across for how commodities peak. And major upside for LNG.
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Global energy demand: by region and through 2050?
This model captures global energy demand by region through 2050, rising from 80,000 TWH in 2019 to 140,000 MWH in 2050. Population rises 0.6% pa. Energy use per global person rises at 1.1% pa, from 11 MWH pp pa to 15 MWH pp pa. So total demand rises at c2% pa. Meeting the energy needs…
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