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Global coal supply-demand: outlook in energy transition?
Global coal supply-demand remained at all-time peak levels of 8.8GTpa in 2025, of which 7.6GTpa is thermal coal and 1.1GTpa is metallurgical. The largest consumers are China (4.9GTpa), India (1.3GTpa), other Asia (1.3GTpa), Europe (0.4GTpa) and the US (0.4GTpa). This model presents our forecasts for global coal supply-demand from 1990 to 2050.
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US shale: outlook and forecasts?
This model sets out our US shale production forecasts by basin. It covers the Permian, Bakken, Eagle Ford, Marcellus/Utica and Haynesville, as a function of the rig count, drilling productivity, completion rates, well productivity and type curves. The data-file was last updated in May-2025, revising liquids growth negative in 2025-26, which in turn tightens US…
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Sodium ion batteries: comparing costs versus LFP?
Sodium is 1,000x more abundant than lithium in the Earth’s crust and 99% cheaper. So will sodium ion batteries disrupt lithium ion batteries? Not until lithium carbonate prices treble to $40/kg. Or novel SIB electrode materials emerge. This 16-page SIB deep-dive de-risks our lithium market outlook.
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Residential heating costs: boilers, furnaces, electric and heat pumps?
Residential heating costs are compared and contrasted in this data-file, for gas-fired combi boilers, gas furnaces and hot water tanks, oil furnaces and hot water tanks, purely electric heating systems including immersion heaters, air-source heat pumps and ground-source heat pumps. Capex, maintenance and input energy prices can be stress-tested.
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Global heat pump sales by country?
Global heat pump sales by country are tabulated in this data-file, for 14 countries/regions. Developed world heat pump sales rose at an 11% CAGR over the decade since 2012, reaching 6.5M units sold in 2022, but then unexpectedly fell by -10% to 2024. 2025 has seen the start of a recovery, with sales rising 4%…
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Renewables plus batteries: co-deployments over time?
More and more renewables projects are being co-developed with battery storage. On average, projects in 2026-30 that codeploy batteries will supplement each MW of renewables capacity with 0.8MW of battery capacity, which in turn offered 4-hours of energy storage per MW of battery capacity, for 3.3 MWH of energy storage per MW of renewables.
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Humanoid robots and robotics companies?
We have reviewed 20 humanoid robot concepts and robotics companies. The average example costs $80k, weighs 60kg, carries 17kg, with 40 degrees of freedom, moves at 6kmph, uses 500W of power, of which 10% is for 640 TOPs of onboard compute, while a 1.3kWh battery gives 3+ hours of endurance. Details for each humanoid robot…
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Could thermoelectric materials change the world?
Next-generation thermoelectrics, if discovered by AI, could be a world-changer, converting heat to electricity at 10-50% efficiency, costing $500/kWe. 10,000 TWH of incremental electricity could be generated, worth $500-1,000bn pa. This 17-page report outlines our ‘top ten’ use cases for thermoelectrics.
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AI at the edge: the lynx effect?
What is interesting about AI is shifting. Away from large centralized data centers and towards AI chips embedded in devices at the grid edge. And away from the general and towards highly specific applications and contexts. The AI cameras in our driveway recently picked up a Eurasian lynx this summer, which exemplifies both shifts, as…
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Coal mining: the economics?
The economics of coal mining are captured in this data-file. $60/ton coal, equivalent to 1c/kWh-th, at the bottom of the global energy cost curve, can typically be unlocked by capex costs of $60/Tpa at a new coal mine, and other opex costs, tabulated in the data-file.
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