Boltzmann energy overview?
…40.7 kJ/mol (or 6.8 x 10^-20 per water molecule). This same principle is also used in manufacturing lithium ion batteries, where solvents (such as NMP) must be evaporated below their…
Verdox: DAC technology breakthrough?
This data-file reviews Verdox DAC technology, optimizing polyanthraquinones and polynaphthoquinones, then depositing them on porous carbon nanotube scaffolds, using similar methods to lithium ion batteries. These quinones are shown to…
Redox flow batteries: for the duration?
Redox flow batteries have 6-24 hour durations and require 15-20c/kWh storage spreads. They will increasingly compete with lithium ion batteries in grid-scale storage. Does this unlock a step-change for peak…
Market concentration by industry in the energy transition?
…US E&P, US refining, Western coal, LNG shipping. Mining sectors covered include aluminium, copper, cobalt, lithium, nickel, uranium, silica and silver. Correlation between market concentration and operating margins in energy…
Market concentration: what impacts on margins?
…in the energy transition. We look at why lithium miners will tend to over-earn and wind turbine manufacturers will tend to under-earn (pages 6-8). There is value in niches. Smaller…
Electrochemistry: redox potential?
Batteries, electrolysers and cleaner metals/materials value chains all hinge on electrochemistry. Hence this 19-page note explains the energy economics from first principles. The physics are constructive for lithium and next-gen…
Energy transition from first principles?
…energy transition from first principles… Energy theory from first principles: energy units, thermo-dynamics, electricity, electrochemistry, magnets and motors and semiconductors. https://thundersaidenergy.com/2022/08/25/energy-units-life-the-universe-and-everything/ Decarbonization technologies from first principles: renewables, batteries, EVs, EV charging, lithium…
Global energy demand by end use?
…chlor-alkali, coal production, commercial heat, cooking, copper, desalination, electric motors, electrical appliances, glass, graphite, heavy trucks, hydrogen, industrial acids, internet, lighting, lithium batteries, LNG liquefaction, manufacturing, methanol, oil & gas…
Renewables plus batteries: co-deployments over time?
…different battery chemistries — lead-acid, sodium-sulphide — rather than today’s projects that are predominantly LFP lithium ion. The duration of these grid-scale batteries has also increased from 2.6 hours prior…
Transformer shortages: at their core?
…and ultimately IRR sensitivities for the costs of transformers (page 11). https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/transformers-companies-and-costs If we follow other materials that matter in the energy transition — e.g., lithium, solar modules — then…