Recycling: a global overview of energy savings?
A global overview of recycling is laid out in numbers in this data-file, covering steel, paper, glass, plastics such as PET and HDPE and other metals, such as copper and…
Mitsui Chemicals: solar encapsulants?
…from damage or vibration against the rigid overlying glass and rigid underlying back-sheet. However, typical encapsulants only transmit 90% of the light through the solar module, and they are prone…
Hydrogen: overview and conclusions?
…25 tons/ton. At smaller scale, there is also a weird and wonderful industrial landscape, using hydrogen to make products such as margarine or automotive glass. Putting an electrolyser on site…
Industrial materials: thermodynamic efficiency?
…chains that yield glass, solar panels and semiconductors. For the latter two applications, silica might be reduced into silicon ‘metal’ in an electric arc furnace. And overall, we think this…
Demand shifting: electrical flexibility by industry?
…plants, industrial gas production, electric arc furnaces, aluminium, chlor-alkali, polymers, paper, silicon, sulphur, glass, hydrofluoric acid, small-scale hydrogen and hydrogen cyanide. A best to worst ranking depends on the technical…
Commodity prices: metals, materials and chemicals?
…prices, Electric Motor and Generator prices, Electrical Transformer prices, Epoxide prices, Ethanol prices, Ethylene prices, Ethylene Oxide prices, EVA prices, Formaldehyde prices, Glass Fiber prices, Gold prices, Graphite Anode prices,…
Heating-melting: how much energy is needed?
…decomposed at 825ºC as an input to making cement. Ceramics are fired at 1,200ºC. Glass is produced at 1,500ºC. The minimum energy consumption here is 200-500kWh/ton. But the real-world numbers…
Market concentration by industry in the energy transition?
…and mining Materials and manufacturing sectors covered in the data-file include ASUs, autos, battery binders, carbon fiber, gas turbines, glass fiber, hydrogen, methanol, mining equipment, polyurethanes, vacuum pumps, VFDs, wind…
Global steel supply-demand model?
…lighter-weight materials, especially to reduce the weight of passenger vehicles, displacing steel with aluminium, glass fiber, carbon fiber, mass timber, advanced polymers. Indeed, steel demand could exceed 4GTpa by 2050,…
Solar module production by company?
…here, company screen here) is sliced into wafers, then processed into cells using semiconductor manufacturing techniques, and then finally combined with front contacts, encapsulants, frames, reinforced glass, backsheets and wiring…