California power generation over time?
…data into solar, wind, nuclear, hydro, imports and thermal generation, every five minutes, for almost a decade. Over the past decade, California’s power grid has averaged 26GW of load, but…
Energy market volatility: climate change?
…frequent. A key reason is that the annual output from wind, solar and hydro all vary by +/- 3-5% each year, while wind and solar will ramp from 5.5% to…
LNG liquefaction technologies: an overview?
…Blending more wind, solar, nuclear or hydro into the plant’s electricity supply directly lowers Scope 1&2 CO2 intensity, often below 5-10 kg/boe. e-drive LNG facilities are already in existence. Equinor’s…
Renewables: how much time to connect to the grid?
…of power projects. Wind and solar projects now take 30% and 10% longer than average to receive approvals. Whereas gas, batteries and hydro now take 15%, 50% and 90% less…
Global energy market model for the energy transition?
…hydro. The remaining 65% must come from decarbonized fossil fuels, which means phasing out coal, 300 TCF pa of natural gas, and 85Mbpd of oil, combined with CCS and nature-based…
Grid-scale battery costs: the economics?
…and the sun is not shining. The costs of grid-scale battery storage are captured in this data-file. Different grid-scale battery types include lithium ion, redox flow, lead acid, pumped hydro,…
Do refineries become bio-refineries?
…sequential hydro-desulfurization units. For the conversion into a bio-refinery. these units are re-vamped into a hydrodeoxygenation reactor (HDO) and a subsequent hydro-isomerization reactor (ISO), shown in the schematic below. HDO…
China Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions, 2000-2060
This data-file is our China Energy Model and CO2 Model, disaggregating China’s energy demand by industry, across coal, oil, gas, wind, solar, hydro and nuclear, across c200 lines, from 2000-2060,…
Storage tank costs: storing oil, energy, water and chemicals?
…hydrogen storage model and broader hydrogen research. Storage costs are lowest for underground gas storage, with a median $0.4/m3 of storage capacity. The key reason is scale. The average facility…
Energy storage: top conclusions into batteries?
…in our pumped hydro model, other battery models. So we do not think long term storage (via batteries or hydrogen) will ever come into the money. We see more opportunity…