Offshore oil: marginal cost?

Offshore oil marginal cost

What is the marginal cost of offshore oil and gas? To answer this question, offshore oil’s marginal cost is modelled in this data-file, capturing the economics of a small-mid sized…

Coal grades: what CO2 intensity?

CO2 intensity of coal

…30% volatile components that will gas out when coal is heated, 12% moisture (i.e., water) and 12% ash. (Note that the numbers do not add to 100% because some of…

Heating-melting: how much energy is needed?

Energy needed to heat materials

…from gas. And finally, the ridiculously high energy footprint of steam — see below — explains the very high CO2 intensity of SAGD oil sands. (10) Water and steam are…

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