Scope 4 emissions: avoided CO2 has value?
…displace coal-power avoids 1.2 kg/kWh of CO2 (page 10). Conceptual limitations of Scope 4 CO2 are discussed on page 11. However, we conclude it is an increasingly important metric for…
How does CO2 increase global temperature?
…Stefan-Boltzmann law. One of the terms in the Stefan-Boltzmann equation is Temperature^4. That is temperature raised to the power of four. In other words, if for some reason, the Earth…
Costs of hydrogen from coal gasification?
…ammonia, methanol), for fuels (c30%), or combusted in a power plant (c20%). However, CO2 intensity is very high, as much as 0.6 kg/kWh-th, 3x more than natural gas CO2, 1.5x…
Electrowinning: costs and energy economics?
…mining processes, which are increasingly important for energy transition. Interesting, we also think almost all of these mining technology can smooth our volatile power grids by demand shifting. We have…
Heating-melting: how much energy is needed?
…underpins combined cycle gas turbines, combined heat and power, EGRs, and even next generation combustion technologies based around super-critical CO2, and next-generation nuclear using molten sodium or salt. Further data…
Runaway train: energy, interest rates and inflation?
…not enough to produce wind and solar. You must construct power grid infrastructure too. This is also capital intensive, and prone to re-inflating with higher interest rates (page 9). Developing…
Silver and gold: medal winners?
…shortage, and a solar bottleneck. Well-run incumbents may enjoy pricing power, and may be able to avoid bottlenecks. Leading integrated producers of silver and gold are charted and summarized on…
Nuclear capacity: forecasts, construction times, operating lives?
…data also show operating lives of nuclear plants, and construction times of nuclear plants, which average 7.5 years from breaking ground through to first power; across different reactor designs and…
Energy history: how much wood can be cut in a day?
…on the use of modern power tools, the type of wood, and the experience of the person. Here I am illustrating the point below, after a stint working at a…
Global energy demand: by region and through 2050?
…power grids research). Our recent research explores $2trn of medium-term upside for capital goods companies as a result of electrification in the energy transition. What share for wind and solar?…