Long-Term LNG Demand: technology-led?
This is a simple model of long-term LNG demand, extrapolating out sensible estimates in the world’s leading LNG-consuming regions. On top of this, we overlay the upside from two nascent…
Global oil demand: breakdown by product by country?
…high above 28Mbpd. Fuel oil demand for shipping grew +0.2Mbpd to a new all time high above 5.4Mbpd. Even direct crude burning for power generation grew by +0.1Mbpd and averaged…
Thunder Said Energy: CO2 Neutral in 2019
…and 2% was shipping/freight (chart below). We offset these emissions for just $87, purchasing verified carbon credits at $14.5/ton. Offset costs are low (chart below). More companies may choose to…
Coal-to-gas switching: what CO2 abatement cost?
…throughout the 2020s. However, the relevant go-forwards is about signing new LNG import agreements. We have pieced together the end-to-end costs of producing, purifying, piping, liquefying, shipping and regassing US…
Decarbonization in Europe: but is there enough gas?
…as phasing out 50% of Europe’s coal, electrifying 20% of its vehicles, cleaning up 25% of its shipping and shifting 3% of its energy into low carbon hydrogen. To achieve…
Decarbonization in Europe: but is there enough gas?
…as phasing out 50% of Europe’s coal, electrifying 20% of its vehicles, cleaning up 25% of its shipping and shifting 3% of its energy into low carbon hydrogen. To achieve…
Methanol: the next hydrogen?
Methanol is becoming more exciting than hydrogen as a clean fuel to help decarbonize transport. Specifically, blue methanol and bio-methanol are 65-75% less CO2-intensive than oil products, while they can…
China Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions, 2000-2060
…dominated by jet fuel, long-distance trucks and shipping. China oil demand in a decarbonization scenario Overall, China’s gross CO2 emissions are seen falling back from 10.5GTpa in 2022 to 8GTpa…
Offshore offsets: nature based solutions in the ocean?
…decarbonize the world. This 19-page note outlines the opportunity in seaweed and kelp cultivation. It naturally integrates with maritime industries, such as offshore wind, offshore oil and shipping. Over 95%…
Ammonia: production costs and energy economics?
…of gas production, gas distribution, hydrogen production, nitrogen production, ammonia synthesis (this model), CO2 transportation, CO2 disposal and ammonia shipping. Hence you can flex the input variables and test sensitivities….