Hydrogen: lost in transportation?
…hydrogen pipelines and chemical hydrogen carriers (e.g., ammonia). Midstream costs will be 2-10x higher than comparable gas value chains, while up to 50% of hydrogen’s embedded energy may be lost…
Metals and materials: strength and temperature resistance?
…and jet engines; why glass fiber and carbon fiber are used in wind turbine blades; why traces of Rare Earth metals are introduced into high-pressure pipelines for gas transportation or…
Gas dehydration: costs and economics?
…reducing the water content of natural gas are to avoid issues in downstream equipment and pipelines, such as plugging or hydrate formation. For example, as an LNG plant cools the…
Phasing out gas: five hidden consequences?
…(note and data-file below). https://thundersaidenergy.com/2019/12/15/global-gas-catch-methane-if-you-can/ https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/gas-pipelines-how-much-energy-co2-and-methane-leaks/ (4) Bankrupted distributors? Once c75% of the customers have left a gas network, it will become very difficult for these gas distributors to remain…
Moving targets: molecules, electrons or data ?!
New AI data-centers are facing bottlenecked power grids. Hence this 15-page note compares the costs of constructing new power lines, gas pipelines or fiber optic links for GW-scale computing. The…
Costs of biogas upgrading to biomethane?
…facilities. It is important to remove the most harmful impurities before combusting biogas, while to make biogas fully fungible with natural gas, and blendable into pipelines, it should be upgraded…
Energy intensity of AI: chomping at the bit?
…and even regulated gas pipelines, as recapped on pages 2-3. These numbers are so material that they deserve some deeper consideration. Hence this 17-page note is an overview of AI…
US electric utilities: transmission and distribution costs?
…and we do wonder whether value inevitably trickles back to infrastructure owners and operators, in power grids and especially in gas pipelines. The key drawback to the data that are…
Methane leaks: by gas source and use
…model has power rising from c40% to c50% of the US gas market by 2030, compensated by lower use in residential heat. https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/us-co2-and-methane-intensity-by-basin https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/gas-gathering-how-much-co2-and-methane https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/gas-pipelines-how-much-energy-co2-and-methane-leaks https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/gas-industry-co2-per-barrel https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/methane-leaks-from-downstream-gas-distribution https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/methane-slip-how-much-gas-evades-combustion https://thundersaidenergy.com/2019/12/15/global-gas-catch-methane-if-you-can https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/decarbonization-of-the-united-states-with-a-co2-price…
Global energy demand by end use?
…methanol, oil & gas E&P, oil refining, other metals, paper & pulp, passenger cars, pipelines, plastics, polysilicon, refrigeration, residential heat, shipping, solar modules, steel, trains, transmission, two-wheelers and wind turbines….