Waste heat recovery: heat exchanger costs?
…exchanger cost depends on the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger in kW/m2-K (which itself can vary by a factor of 200x), the size of the heat exchanger (in…
Energy Recovery Inc: pressure exchanger technology?
…of pressure exchangers, especially for the desalination industry, and increasingly for refrigeration, air conditioners, heat pump and industrial applications. Our technology review finds a strong patent library and moat around…
Cryogenic air separation: costs and energy economics?
…liquefying air and then boiling off its constituents. The main heat exchanger in a cryogenic air separator is usually a plate and fin design, super-chilling air to -172C. From the…
Thermodynamics of CO2 at different temperatures and pressures?
…Cp fluctuating wildly at low-intermediate temperatures. This has a strange result for heating CO2 in a heat exchanger. As energy is transferred from a hot CO2 stream to a cold…
Post-combustion CCS: what energy penalties?
…to defray CCS energy penalties? We consider the IRRs on additional heat exchangers, organic Rankine cycles and supplying medium-temperature water for district heating on pages 8-9. This analysis suggests that…
Energy needed to produce steam: enthalpy and entropy data?
…1-bar (i.e., 1 atmosphere), it takes 4.2 kJ of energy to heat each kg of water by each 1◦C (aka the specific heat capacity of water). So it might require…
The laws of thermodynamics: what role in the energy transition?
…cooler reservoir. Entropy is the ratio of heat energy flux to absolute temperature. When the heat energy leaving the heat source divided by the absolute temperature of that heat source…
Heating-melting: how much energy is needed?
How do we quantify the minimum energy needed to heat materials and melt materials? This data-file calculates values, in kWh/ton, from first principles, based on target temperatures, specific heat capacities…
Illustrating industrial energy efficiency in the context of cooking?
…has efficiently transferred heat into the food, but it was not useful heat in the sense of achieving a desired outcome. If the dish is ruined, then all prior heat…
Industrial heat: the myth of electrify everything?
…of water and steam make this industry one of the least heat-efficient globally. Heat exchangers and heat pumps can help. But they may actually increase CO2 intensity if electricity replaces…