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Lithium: global demand forecasts?
This data-file estimates global lithium demand amidst the ramp of electric vehicles, the rise of AI/robotics, and integrates with our oil market models. The data are disaggregated across electric vehicles, new vehicle types, consumer electronics, grid-scale batteries and conventional material uses.
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Global CO2 emissions breakdown?
Global CO2 emissions rose from 32GTpa of CO2-equivalents in 1990 to 54GTpa in 2024, and are seen optimistically declining to 30GTpa by 2050, on a gross basis. This global CO2 emisisons breakdown covers 33 sources that each explain over 0.5% of global CO2e emissions, as a way of tracking emissions by source, by year, and…
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US electricity customers: sales, pricing, metering, load-shifting?
Characteristics of 164M US utility customers, consuming 4,000 TWH pa of electricity, are broken down in this data-file. The data help to explain the recent return to load growth in the US, but also show the pace of deployment of smart meters, demand response, load-shifting and real-time pricing tariffs, amongst residential, commercial and industrial customers.
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Electric vehicle charging: the economics?
An electric vehicle charging station typically needs to charge 20-25 c/kWh, to earn a 10% return on its up-front capex costs, as it buys power for 10c/kWh and sells it on to electric vehicles with 10-50% utilization rates. Larger, fast-chargers seem most economic. Especially where retail revenues support the economics of EV-charging.
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US vehicle ownership and fuel economy?
This data file assesses US vehicle ownership over time. Improving fuel economy has been muted by rebound effects, such as greater mobility and larger vehicles. Oil prices influence the types of vehicles being purchased, their masses and their fuel economy. EV ownership has also been rising and is cross-plotted against incomes and other variables.
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AI training energy: breaking the power laws?
An argument for runaway energy use by AI is that performance follows a power law: incrementally better performance requires exponentially more model parameters, training data and compute. But this 13-page note finds evidence for greater efficiency gains, and considers whether AI scaling laws are set to slow down, meaning less energy consumption?
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Battery energy storage systems: capacity forecasts?
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) encompass grid-scale batteries, and smaller commercial and residential battery storage systems. Both are captured in this 100-line data-file, globally, by region, over time, in annual terms, in cumulative terms, in GWH terms and in GW terms.
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AI training: gauging importance?
Training an AI chat-bot for the TSE website has been a cool project for us, over the past 2-months. But today’s AIs struggle in gauging which content is most important to decision-makers. Hence, we went through the entire TSE research library, and simply added our own subjective “importance score” to every report and data-file. So you can now search the TSE website and rank the…
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Solar+battery co-deployments: cost profiles?
Solar+battery co-deployments allow a large and volatile solar asset to produce a moderate-sized and non-volatile power output, during 40-50% of all the hours throughout a calendar year. The smooth output is easier to integrate with power grids, including with a smaller grid connection. The battery will realistically cycle 100-300 times per year.
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Autonomous vehicles: concepts and companies?
This data-file is a screen of autonomous vehicle concepts and autononomous vehicle companies. Specifically, in 2025, we profiled 15 autonomous vehicle concepts, robotaxis and autonomous trucks. 87% are envisaged to be electric. But the data also point to a broadening range of autonomous vehicle concepts emerging in future.
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