Demand
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Autonomous transport: the Leipzig test?
This 13-page report explores the upside in autonomous transport. We were recently invited to a fascinating company event in Leipzig, Germany. But it was too complex to reach by flying. It would have been doable in an autonomous vehicle, albeit using 2x more energy overall. So could autonomous vehicles unlock 5Mbpd of global oil demand…
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Lancium: can AI data-centers load shift?
Lancium data center technology is used to develop Clean Campuses, which can separate large compute requirements into critical and flexible clusters. The flexible clusters tackle non-time critical loads, often powered directly by microgrids, and providing a Controllable Load Resource, which can demand shift to smooth the volatility of renewables? Hence we reviewed Lancium’s patents.
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Data-centers: the economics?
The capex costs of data-centers are typically $10M/MW, with opex costs dominated by maintenance (c40%), electricity (c15-25%), labor, water, G&A and other. A 30MW data-center must generate $100M of revenues for a 10% IRR, while an AI data-center in 2025+ may need to charge $10/EFLOP of compute.
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Industrial heat: can heat pumps compete?
Could industrial heat pumps accelerate, especially due to excess renewables, thereby stoking load growth, and displacing natural gas? This 14-page report finds the economics are more challenging than expected. Heat pumps fare best in specific contexts. Load growth mainly hinges on AI.
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Global CO2 emissions breakdown?
Global CO2 emissions rose from 32GTpa of CO2-equivalents in 1990 to 54GTpa in 2024, and are seen optimistically declining to 30GTpa by 2050, on a gross basis. This global CO2 emisisons breakdown covers 33 sources that each explain over 0.5% of global CO2e emissions, as a way of tracking emissions by source, by year, and…
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Global Air Conditioning demand by region over time?
Global air conditioning consumed 2,600 TWH of electricity in 2024, which is 8% of total global electricity demand, and seen rising +3% pa to 6,000 TWH by 2050. This data-file quantifies global AC sales by country, the global AC unit stock by country, and global AC electricity demand by country, to 2050.
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Industrial heat: an overview?
Industrial heat consumes over 10% of all global primary energy. This data-file is a summary of processes that use industrial heat, the specific heating technologies, temperatures, residence times, reactor designs, energy intensity (in kWh/ton) and efficiency, ranging across 20 process technologies and heating technology types.
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Energy intensity by country: how does it change as income increases?
This data-file assesses 25 countries’ and regions’ energy consumption, as those countries developed over the past 50-years. Early industrialization is most energy intensive, rising 1:1 with GDP growth. In developed countries, energy use plateaus at c25MWH pp pa and decarbonization priorities step up sharply.
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Servo motors: cost calculator?
Servo motors form a $16bn pa market, used in robotics, precision manufacturing equipment, CNC machines, aerospace and med-tech. This data-file estimates the costs of servo-motors, based on underlying controller costs, motor costs and reduction gear costs. Hence we have attempted a simple servo motor cost calculator.
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Additive manufacturing: fine print?
Can additive manufacturing overcome bottlenecks in gas turbine components, aerospace-related capital goods, and custom products that are unlocked by AI? This 16-page report re-evaluates the outlook for 3D printing, its economics, energy use, and company implications.
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