Costs of hydrogen from coal gasification?
…from steam methane reforming of natural gas (grey hydrogen). Please see our overview of hydrogen technologies. As part of the energy transition, preserving a future for clean coal, it is…
Industrial materials: thermodynamic efficiency?
…its constituent elements, i.e., gaseous hydrogen and gaseous nitrogen. Pure hydrogen does not occur naturally, but itself needs to be produced, most likely by steam methane reforming. And pure nitrogen…
Energy needed to produce steam: enthalpy and entropy data?
This data-file quantifies the energy needed to produce steam, for industrial heat, power, chemicals, CCS plants and hydrogen reforming. As rules of thumb, low pressure saturated steam at 100◦C requires…
Deep blue: cracking the code of carbon capture?
…12. Different blue hydrogen reactor designs are discussed, and their economics are modelled on pages 13-15. Autothermal reforming should take precedence over steam methane reforming as part of the energy…
Hydrogen: what GWP and climate impacts?
…– 10% hydrogen across a hydrogen value chain. (5) 3x higher hydrogen leakage rates are not an unjustified concern, because the radius of an H2 molecule is about 3x smaller than…
Global hydrogen supply-demand: by region, by use & over time?
…comprising 85MTpa of grey hydrogen emitting 9 tons/ton of CO2 and 25MTpa of black hydrogen emitting 25 tons/ton of CO2. The purpose of this global hydrogen supply model is to…
Global hydrogen: market breakdown?
…successful adoption across some of the hydrogen-using industries shown above. Covered technologies used to generate today’s hydrogen include steam methane reforming, coal gasification (with an eye watering 25 tons of…
Blue ammonia projects: a screen?
…released when reforming natural gas into hydrogen, which in turn is an input for the Haber-Bosch reaction, which produces ammonia. We have recently written a 12-page deep-dive report, outlining where…
Hydrogen: lost in transportation?
…hydrogen pipelines and chemical hydrogen carriers (e.g., ammonia). Midstream costs will be 2-10x higher than comparable gas value chains, while up to 50% of hydrogen’s embedded energy may be lost…
Turquoise hydrogen from methane pyrolysis: economics?
…may unlock lower costs for turquoise hydrogen than blue hydrogen or green hydrogen. The disadvantage is that methane decomposition is endothermic, thus an exterior energy source is required. If this…