the research consultancy for energy technologies
…Thermodynamics 101. Heating and melting materials requires energy, inducing particles to vibrate more (specific heat) and ultimately to break the bonds that hold them together as a solid or liquid…
Industrial heat comprises around 20% of global CO2 emissions, but around half of all the heat generated may ultimately be wasted. Hence, this model simplifies the economics of waste heat recovery,…
…efficiency in the context of industrial heating, arguing that granular and case-specific efficiency gains are needed, rather than over-simplified statements such as “electrify everything” (below). https://thundersaidenergy.com/2021/02/18/industrial-heat-the-myth-of-electrify-everything/ But what is efficiency?…
District heating supplies residential or commercial consumers with centrally generated heat, waste heat from power generation (combined heat and power) or from other industrial processes. Capturing waste heat lowers CO2-intensity….
…1-bar (i.e., 1 atmosphere), it takes 4.2 kJ of energy to heat each kg of water by each 1◦C (aka the specific heat capacity of water). So it might require…
This data-file summarizes different heating technologies, predominantly electric heating technologies, used to supply process heat within industry. The file covers convection heating, infrared radiant heat, immersion coils, electric ovens and…
…cooler reservoir. Entropy is the ratio of heat energy flux to absolute temperature. When the heat energy leaving the heat source divided by the absolute temperature of that heat source…
Natural gas currently fuels two-thirds of residential and commercial heating, which in turn comprises c10% of global CO2. In this 20-page report, we have assessed ten technologies to decarbonize heat,…
Heat pumps can halve the CO2 intensity of residential heating while also lowering costs by c10-35% in some cases. This all creates an exciting opportunity for heat pumps in the…
…flame, because no heat is dissipated unnecessarily in heating up superfluous oxygen. The data-file shows that at an idealized, 100% stoichiometric ratio, the adiabatic flame temperature for natural gas is…