Direct reduced iron: costs and projects?
…global steel production, running to 120MTpa of the world 2GTpa global steel production and ramping up steadily since the 1970s (chart below). How does the direct reduction iron process work?…
Advanced Conductors versus ACSR: costs and companies?
Advanced Conductors have 2x higher amperage capacities and temperature limits than standard Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) used in AC transmission lines. This data-file screens Advanced Conductors versus ACSR on…
Recycling: a global overview of energy savings?
…prices and a $50/ton CO2 price, these ‘savings’ can avoid half of the typical costs of primary steel production. Leading steel-recycling companies, in electric arc furnaces include Nucor, CMC and…
Bill of materials: electronic devices and data-centers?
…Steel is the joint largest material exposure for electronic devices, although this is unsurprising, as steel is the most-used structural material on the planet, and in digital devices as well,…
New Risers for pre-salt Brazil?
…2018 patent filings, which we have reviewed. One patent localises the problem of stress-corrosion to the risers’ steel cladding, which is situated in the annulus between the riser’s barrier layer…
Vehicle mass: what opportunities to improve fuel economy?
This data-file breaks down the typical materials that contribute to the weight of a 2-ton car. We estimate that steel comprises c50% of the volume and c80% of the weight….
Wind power: energy costs, energy payback and EROEI?
…estimates for the energy costs of wind turbines are based on a full bill of materials, economic models of those materials (e.g., glass fiber, carbon fiber, epoxies, steel, copper), data…
Global energy: supply-demand model?
…in a world of rising rates. It means that global wind and solar projects will consume over 200MTpa of steel, which is 2x total US steel production, and yet steel…
Bio-coke: energy economics?
Bio-coke is a source of carbon and energy for steel-making, and other smelting operations where metal oxides need to be reduced to pure metals. Bio-coke differs from conventional coal-coke or…
Advanced Conductors: current affairs?
…increase power ratings. Usually there are technical and economic issues. But they can be economically addressed with Advanced Conductors, which replace steel strands at the center of Aluminium Conductor Steel…